Memory - coding, capacity and duration of LTM

Question 1

who conducted research into LTM and what was there research on ?

Answer 1

1. Baddeley - coding
2. Bahrick - Duration

Question 2

describe the procedure, findings and conclusion of Baddeley’s research (5)

Answer 2

procedure:
- ppnts shown list of words
- recall 20 mins later
- acoustically similar or disimilar or semantically similar or disimilar

findings
- worse recall when words are semantically similar

conclusion
- LTM codes semantically

Question 3

decribe the procedure, findings and cocnlusion of Bahrick’s research (9)

Answer 3

procedure:
- 392 ppnts ages 17-74
- year books of ppnts
- photo recognition test or grad class
- free recall test- names of grad class

findings:
photo recognition test:
- those that graduated 15yrs ago = 90% accuracy
- graduated 48 years ago = 70% accuracy

free recall test:
- 15 yrs = 60%
- 48 yrs = 30%

conclusion:
- duration of LTM is unlimited

Question 4

Bahrick AO3 (3)

Answer 4

1. lab study
high lvl of contro, easily replicable, scientific credibility
CA: no true control over all variable eg ppnts may have looked at yearbook over years which improves memory - cofounds w findings

2. stimuli not artificial
- representative of one of the most common memories we form in everyday life
- high eclogical validity

3. sample
- v large sample size + wide range of ages
- representative of large portion of population
- anomalies unlikley to impact findings
CA: all from ohio - findings are culture bound

Question 5

Baddeley AO3 (3)

Answer 5

1. artificial stimuli

2. Application
identified a clear difference between 2 memory stores
- led to development of multi-store model
- + identification of 2 sep memory strores still true to this day
- application in revision
- as we know that LTM codes semantically we can revise using mind maps that make semantic links rather than just reading passages out lout as LTM doesntr code accoustically so this won’t be effective

3. sample:
- large sample of 72 - anomalies unlikely to impact findings
CA: only 15-20 ppl in a group so anomalies can now have a large impact
and all british volunteers

4. reliable
   - standardiesed procedure
   - easily replicated using the same list of words
5. info not stored for long enough to accurately represent ability to retrieve information from LTM = low ext val
   - info not stored for long enough to accurately represent ability to retrieve information from LTM