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A - Level Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

how does the sensory memory code ? (3)

A
  • according to senses
  • iconically
  • echoically
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2
Q

what is the capacity of our sensory memory ?

A

unlimited

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3
Q

what is the duration of the sensory memory ?

A

milliseconds

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4
Q

how does our LTM code ?

A
  • semantically
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5
Q

what is the capacity of our LTM ?

A

unlimited

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6
Q

what is the duration of our LTM ?

A

unlimited

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7
Q

who carried out research on coding for our LTM ?

A

Alan Baddley

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8
Q

explain the research carried out for the coding of our LTM (3)

A
  • shown a list of accoustically and semantically similar + disimilar words
  • recall after 20 mins
  • found that we do worse on semantically similar words
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9
Q

describe research carried out for the duration of our LTM (8)

A
  • 392 pptnts ( 17 - 74yrs)
  • year books of pptnts
  • photo recognition test ( 50 pics)
  • free recall test - of grad class
  • photo rec test - those who garduated 15 yrs ago = 90% accuracy
  • those who grad 48 yrs ago = 70%
  • free recall: 15 years = 60%
  • 48yrs = 30%
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10
Q

what was the % accuracy for the free recall test of those who graduated 15 years ago ?

A

60%

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11
Q

what was the % accuracy for the free recall test of those who graduated 48 years ago ?

A

30%

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12
Q

what was the % accuracy for the photo recognition test of those who graduated 15 years ago ?

A

90%

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13
Q

what was the % accuracy for the photo recognitionl test of those who graduated 48 years ago ?

A

70%

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of LTM (3)

A
  • episodic
  • semantic
  • procedural
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15
Q

explain the features of episodic memory (3)

A
  • recall events
  • time stamped
  • must make concious effort to recall
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16
Q

which part of the brain is resposible for episodic memory

A

hippocampus

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17
Q

give an example of an episodic memory

A

your last meal

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18
Q

describe the features of your semantic memory (3)

A
  • knowledge of the world
  • not time stamped
  • make concious effort to recall
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19
Q

which part of the brain is responsibel for our semantic memory ?

A

hippocampus

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20
Q

give an example of semantic memory

A

defenetion of LTM

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21
Q

describe the features of our procedural momory (3)

A
  • memory for skills
  • not time stamped
  • dont have to make concious effort to recall
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22
Q

which part of the brain is responsible for our procedural memory ?

A

motor cortex

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23
Q

give an example of our procedural memory

A
  • driving a car
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24
Q

what can episodic memory also be called ?

A

autobiographical memory

25
Q

define coding (2)

A
  • format which info is stored
  • in various memory stores
26
Q

define capacity

A
  • amount in info that can be held in a memory store
27
Q

define duration

A
  • length of time info can be held in memory
28
Q

how does our STM code

A

accoustically

29
Q

what is the capacity of our STM

A

7 + or - 2
(5-9)

30
Q

what is the duration of our STM ?

A

18 - 30 secs

31
Q

explain a reserach on the duration of STM

A
  • student given trigram
  • given distraction task eg count back from 187
  • stop task after 3 secs and recall trigram
  • if correct = new trigram + task for 6 secs
  • task for 3,6,9,12,15,18…30 secs until wrong
  • 3s avg recall = 80%
  • 18s avg recall = 3%
32
Q

who carries out the research on the duration of STM

A

Lloyd peterson and Margaret peterson

33
Q

describe the research carries out on the capacity of STM

A
  • digit span test
  • read list of digit
  • pptnts recall
  • if correct add more number until wrong
  • mean span for numbers = 9.3
  • mean span for words = 7.3
34
Q

what is the test for the capacity of STM called

A

digit span test

35
Q

who carried out the digit span test

A

joseph jacobs

36
Q

describe the research on the coding of our STM

A
  • shown list of accoustically + semantically similar + disimilar words
  • recall immediately after
  • do worse on accoustically similar
37
Q

who is the researcher on the coding of STM ?

A

Alan baddley

38
Q

give a negative of the MSM (4)

A
  • P: there is more than 1 type of STM
  • E: study on KF who partially impaired his STM
  • E: had difficulty recalling info read aloud to him but could recall info he read himself
  • L: cant be explained by MSM = reductionist
39
Q

what does MSM stand for

A

multi-store model

40
Q

explain a positive on the MSM

A
  • P: amnesia case study supports existence of LT + ST store existence
  • E: clive wearing virus - affect brain
  • E: LTM intact but STM duration = 7 secs
  • L: LTM + STM = diff entities
41
Q

explain another negative of the MSM (4)

A

-P: alot of research shows MSM uses artificial tasks
-E: everyday life we form mems w faces, names etc
-E: studies that support MSM use artificial stimuli eg difit span + trigram
-L: mems not truly represented irl = invalid

42
Q

what are the components that make up the MSM

A
  • sensory register
  • STM
  • LTM
43
Q

what are the components that make up the working memory model

A
  • central executive
  • episodic buffer
  • visio - spatial sketchpad
  • LTM
  • phonological loop
44
Q

what is the role of the central executive (4)

A
  • controls ‘slave’ systems
  • monitors incoming data
  • problem solving
  • where information enters WMM
45
Q

describe the features of the central executive (4)

A
  • most important
  • limited capacity
  • flexible
  • part of OG WMM
46
Q

describe the role of the phonological loop (3)

A
  • stores speach based info for brief period of time
  • allows maintenance rehearsal
  • stores words u hear
47
Q

describe the features of the phonological loop (3)

A
  • limited capacity
  • OG WMM
  • made up of atriculatory process and phonological store
48
Q

what is the role of the articulatory process

A
  • allows maintenace rehearsal
49
Q

what is the role of the phonological store

A

stores words you hear

50
Q

what is the role of the viuo spatial sketchpad (1)

A
  • stores visual and spatial info
51
Q

describe he features of the visuo spatial sketchpad (3)

A
  • limited capacity
  • made of inner scribe and visual cache
  • OG WMM
52
Q

what is the role of the inner scribe ?

A
  • records object arrangement in viual field
53
Q

what is the role of the viual cache

A

stores visual data

54
Q

describe the role of the episodic buffer (4)

A
  • temporary store for info
  • maintain time sequencing
  • integrates visual, spatial and verbal info processed by other stores
  • combine info in LTM = new scenarios
55
Q

describe the features of the episodic buffer

A
  • limited capacity
  • relies on central executive
56
Q

when was the episodic buffer added ?

A

2000

57
Q

which components of the WMM are part of the original WMM?

A
  • central executive
  • visuo spatial sketchpad
  • phonological loop
58
Q

what 2 components make up the phonological loop ?

A
  • phonological store
  • articulatory process
59
Q

what 2 components make up the visuo spatial sketchpad

A
  • visual cache
  • inner scribe

A - Level Psychology (27 decks)

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