Memory Flashcards
how does the sensory memory code ? (3)
- according to senses
- iconically
- echoically
what is the capacity of our sensory memory ?
unlimited
what is the duration of the sensory memory ?
milliseconds
how does our LTM code ?
- semantically
what is the capacity of our LTM ?
unlimited
what is the duration of our LTM ?
unlimited
who carried out research on coding for our LTM ?
Alan Baddley
explain the research carried out for the coding of our LTM (3)
- shown a list of accoustically and semantically similar + disimilar words
- recall after 20 mins
- found that we do worse on semantically similar words
describe research carried out for the duration of our LTM (8)
- 392 pptnts ( 17 - 74yrs)
- year books of pptnts
- photo recognition test ( 50 pics)
- free recall test - of grad class
- photo rec test - those who garduated 15 yrs ago = 90% accuracy
- those who grad 48 yrs ago = 70%
- free recall: 15 years = 60%
- 48yrs = 30%
what was the % accuracy for the free recall test of those who graduated 15 years ago ?
60%
what was the % accuracy for the free recall test of those who graduated 48 years ago ?
30%
what was the % accuracy for the photo recognition test of those who graduated 15 years ago ?
90%
what was the % accuracy for the photo recognitionl test of those who graduated 48 years ago ?
70%
what are the 3 types of LTM (3)
- episodic
- semantic
- procedural
explain the features of episodic memory (3)
- recall events
- time stamped
- must make concious effort to recall
which part of the brain is resposible for episodic memory
hippocampus
give an example of an episodic memory
your last meal
describe the features of your semantic memory (3)
- knowledge of the world
- not time stamped
- make concious effort to recall
which part of the brain is responsibel for our semantic memory ?
hippocampus
give an example of semantic memory
defenetion of LTM
describe the features of our procedural momory (3)
- memory for skills
- not time stamped
- dont have to make concious effort to recall
which part of the brain is responsible for our procedural memory ?
motor cortex
give an example of our procedural memory
- driving a car
what can episodic memory also be called ?
autobiographical memory
define coding (2)
- format which info is stored
- in various memory stores
define capacity
- amount in info that can be held in a memory store
define duration
- length of time info can be held in memory
how does our STM code
accoustically
what is the capacity of our STM
7 + or - 2
(5-9)
what is the duration of our STM ?
18 - 30 secs
explain a reserach on the duration of STM
- student given trigram
- given distraction task eg count back from 187
- stop task after 3 secs and recall trigram
- if correct = new trigram + task for 6 secs
- task for 3,6,9,12,15,18…30 secs until wrong
- 3s avg recall = 80%
- 18s avg recall = 3%
who carries out the research on the duration of STM
Lloyd peterson and Margaret peterson
describe the research carries out on the capacity of STM
- digit span test
- read list of digit
- pptnts recall
- if correct add more number until wrong
- mean span for numbers = 9.3
- mean span for words = 7.3
what is the test for the capacity of STM called
digit span test
who carried out the digit span test
joseph jacobs
describe the research on the coding of our STM
- shown list of accoustically + semantically similar + disimilar words
- recall immediately after
- do worse on accoustically similar
who is the researcher on the coding of STM ?
Alan baddley
give a negative of the MSM (4)
- P: there is more than 1 type of STM
- E: study on KF who partially impaired his STM
- E: had difficulty recalling info read aloud to him but could recall info he read himself
- L: cant be explained by MSM = reductionist
what does MSM stand for
multi-store model
explain a positive on the MSM
- P: amnesia case study supports existence of LT + ST store existence
- E: clive wearing virus - affect brain
- E: LTM intact but STM duration = 7 secs
- L: LTM + STM = diff entities
explain another negative of the MSM (4)
-P: alot of research shows MSM uses artificial tasks
-E: everyday life we form mems w faces, names etc
-E: studies that support MSM use artificial stimuli eg difit span + trigram
-L: mems not truly represented irl = invalid
what are the components that make up the MSM
- sensory register
- STM
- LTM
what are the components that make up the working memory model
- central executive
- episodic buffer
- visio - spatial sketchpad
- LTM
- phonological loop
what is the role of the central executive (4)
- controls ‘slave’ systems
- monitors incoming data
- problem solving
- where information enters WMM
describe the features of the central executive (4)
- most important
- limited capacity
- flexible
- part of OG WMM
describe the role of the phonological loop (3)
- stores speach based info for brief period of time
- allows maintenance rehearsal
- stores words u hear
describe the features of the phonological loop (3)
- limited capacity
- OG WMM
- made up of atriculatory process and phonological store
what is the role of the articulatory process
- allows maintenace rehearsal
what is the role of the phonological store
stores words you hear
what is the role of the viuo spatial sketchpad (1)
- stores visual and spatial info
describe he features of the visuo spatial sketchpad (3)
- limited capacity
- made of inner scribe and visual cache
- OG WMM
what is the role of the inner scribe ?
- records object arrangement in viual field
what is the role of the viual cache
stores visual data
describe the role of the episodic buffer (4)
- temporary store for info
- maintain time sequencing
- integrates visual, spatial and verbal info processed by other stores
- combine info in LTM = new scenarios
describe the features of the episodic buffer
- limited capacity
- relies on central executive
when was the episodic buffer added ?
2000
which components of the WMM are part of the original WMM?
- central executive
- visuo spatial sketchpad
- phonological loop
what 2 components make up the phonological loop ?
- phonological store
- articulatory process
what 2 components make up the visuo spatial sketchpad
- visual cache
- inner scribe
