Psychopathology - depression Flashcards
describe and explain the behavioral characteristics (3)
- reduced activity lvls (lethargic)
- disruption to sleep + eating behavior - insomnia or hypersomnia, weight gain or loss
- agression + self harm - towards self or others eg verbally or physicially agressive, cutting and suicide
describe + explain emotional characteristics (3)
- lowered mood - more pronounched than feeling lethargic and sad all day
- anger - can lead to agression and self harm
- lowered self esteem - self loathing
describe + explain the cognitive characteristics (3)
- poor concentration - unable to stick to tasks or make decisions
- dwell on negative - see glass hald empty than full and only recall negative aspects of event
- absolutist thinking - see situations as all good or all bad no in between
cognitive approach to explaining depression AO1 points (6)
- faulty inf processing
- negative self schema
- The negative triad
- Ellis’ ABC model - A
- Ellis’ ABC model - B
- Ellis’ ABC model - C
THE COGNITIVE APPROACH TO EXPLAINING DEPRESSION FAULTY INFORMATION PROCESSING AO1 (3)
- part of Beck’s explanation
- focus on - aspects an ignore +’s
- black and white thinking
Cog approach to explaining depression: negative self schema AO1 (3)
- part of Beck’s explanation
- schema: package of ideas and infos developed through experience
- negative self schema: interpret all info about themselves in a negative way
Cog approach to explaining depression: The negative triad AO1 (4)
- part of Beck’s explanation
1. negative view on self- “i’m a failure”
2. negative view on future - “economy will never get better”
3. negative view on the world - “world is a cold hard place’
Cog approach to explaining depression: Ellis’ ABC model - A AO1(3)
- A = activating events
- negative events
- triggers irrational thoughts
Cog approach to explaining depression: Ellis’ ABC model - B AO1(3)
- B = beliefs
- irrational beliefs interfere w happiness
- eg belief that life is always meant to be fair - untopianism
Cog approach to explaining depression: Ellis’ ABC model - C. AO1 (2)
- c = concequences
- depression
Ellis’s explanation AO3 (3)
❌ cant explain depression which arise w out obvious cause (endogenous depression)
- can only explain cases of reactive depression not endogenous depression
- partial and incomplete explanation
✅ led to development of REBT
❌ states that the person who is depressed is responsible for their own depression
- socially sensitive implications
- can be demotivating to person and make them feel even more gulty and responsible - demotivated them from getting better
Beck’s explanation AO3 (3)
✅ led to development of CBT
- improve quality of life - less absenteeist - boost economy
❌ drug therapies (SSRI’s) found to be effective in treating depression
- biological basis - explanation is reductionist
✅ research support
- found that absolutist thinking, negative self schema and negative triad most commmon in ppl w depression
- and also found that these characteristics created a cognitive vulnerability that predicted later depression
cognitive appraoch to treating deoression AO1 points (5)
- Beck CBT - patient and therapist work together
- Beck’s CBT - “patient as scientist”
- Beck’s CBT - challenging
- Ellis’s retional emoting behavior therapy - development of ABC model
- Ellis’s REBT - Dispute / vigorous argument
cognitive appraoch to treating deoression AO1 : 1. Beck CBT - patient and therapist work together (3)
- identify irrational thoughts using negative traid
- clarify problem
- set goals
cognitive appraoch to treating deoression AO1 : Beck CBT - Beck’s CBT - “patient as scientist” (2)
- set homework
- eg note everytime someone was nice to them
cognitive appraoch to treating deoression AO1 : Beck CBT - Beck’s CBT - challenging (3)
- challenge irrational thoughts
- discuss evidence against
- using homework
cognitive appraoch to treating deoression AO1 : Ellis’s retional emoting behavior therapy - development of ABC model (3)
- ABC model extended to ABCDE model
- D = dispute
- E = effect
cognitive appraoch to treating deoression AO1 : Ellis’s REBT - Dispute (4)
- vigurous argument
- dispute irrational beliefs
- logical dispute: questions logic of persons thoughts
- empirical dispute: therapist seeks whether there is any evidence to support irrational belief
cognitive approach to treating depression AO3 (3)
❌ complex rational thinking
- cant treat ppl w learning disabilities or severe depression
❌ interfere w everyday life
- less preferred than drug treatments by clients
- clients less likely to carry oj full way through
✅ CBT found to be as effective as antidepressants in treating depression
❌ more expensive than drug therapies
- requires trained specialists andc large number of sessions and time
- less ppl treated for same price
- ✅ CA: no side effects
( can merge last 2 evaluation ponts together by talking ab strengths first) eg found to be as effective as antidep and in addition it has no side effects so can argue that it is a better alternative however more expensive etc….
