Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology - IN FOCUS Attachment > Types of attachment > Flashcards

Types of attachment Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Who developed the ‘Strange Situation’

A

Mary Ainsworth and Silvia Bell (1970)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the aim of Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’?

A

To be able to observe key attachment behaviours as a means of assessing the quality of a baby’s attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The aim of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) was to be able to observe key attachment behaviours as a means of…

A

assessing the quality of a baby’s attachment to a caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) was a controlled ___________ procedure

A

observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) was a controlled observation procedure designed to measure…

A

the security of attachment a baby displays towards a caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where did Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) take place?

A

In a room with quite controlled conditions (i.e. a laboratory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An experiment conducted in a room with quite controlled condition is known as what type of experiment?

A

A laboratory experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) used a ___-___ ______ and/or _______ through which psychologists can observe the baby’s behaviour

A

two-way mirror and/or cameras

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why did Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) use a two-way mirror/cameras?

A

So psychologists could observe the baby’s behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 4 examples of behaviours used to judge attachment in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

Any 4 from proximity-seeking, exploration and secure-base behaviour, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and response to reunion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In terms of proximity-seeking, what will a baby with a good quality attachment do in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

Stay fairly close to a cregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In terms of exploration and secure-base behaviour, what will a baby with a good quality attachment do in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

Good attachment enables a baby to feel confident to explore, using their caregiver as a secure base, i.e. a point of contact that will make them feel safe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In terms of stranger anxiety, what will a baby with a good quality attachment do in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

One of the signs of becoming closely attached is a display of anxiety when a stranger approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In terms of separation anxiety, what will a baby with a good quality attachment do in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

One of the signs of becoming attached is to protest at separation from the caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In terms of response to reunion, what will a baby with a good quality attachment do in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

Babies who are securely attached greet the caregiver’s return with pleasure and seek comfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many episodes are there in the procedure of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the beginning of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970), the caregiver and baby enter…

A

an unfamiliar playroom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the baby first encouraged to do in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Encouraged to explore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is the baby first encouraged to explore in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests exploration and secure base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the second thing that happens in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

A stranger comes in, talks to the caregiver and approaches the baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why does a stranger come in, talk to the caregiver and approach the baby in the second stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests stranger anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the third thing that happens in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

The caregiver leaves the baby and stranger together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does the caregiver leave the baby and stranger together in the third stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests separation and stranger anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the fourth stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

The caregiver returns and the stranger leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why does the caregiver return and the stranger leave in the fourth stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests reunion behaviour and exploration/secure-base behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the fifth stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

The caregiver leaves the baby alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why does the caregiver leave the baby alone in the fifth stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests separation anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the sixth stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

The stranger returns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why does the stranger return in the sixth stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests stranger anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the seventh stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

The caregiver returns and is reunited with the baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why does the caregiver return and reunite with the baby in the seventh stage of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Tests reunion behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ainsworth et al. (1978) found that there were ________ ________ in the way that babies behaved in the Strange Situation?

A

distinct patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How many main types of attachment did Ainsworth et al. (1978) identify?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Name the three types of attachment identified by Ainsworth et al. (1978)

A

Secure attachment, insecure-avoidant attachment and insecure-resistant attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Describe a baby with a secure attachment

A

Explores happily but regularly goes back to their caregiver. Usually shows moderate separation distress and moderate stranger anxiety. Requires and accepts comfort from the caregiver in the reunion stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe a baby with an insecure-avoidant attachment

A

Explores freely but doesn’t seek proximity or show secure-base behaviour. Shows little or no reaction when their caregiver leaves and little stranger anxiety. They make little effort to make content when their caregiver returns, and may even avoid such contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Describe a baby with an insecure-resistant attachment

A

Seeks greater proximity than others and explores less. Shows high levels of stranger and separation distress but resists comfort when reunited with their caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Explain the seven episodes in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)

A

The baby is encouraged to explore before a stranger comes in, talks to the caregiver and approaches the baby. The caregiver leaves the baby and stranger together then and the caregiver returns and the stranger leaves. The caregiver leaves the baby alone then the stranger returns again, before the caregiver returns and is reunited with the baby

39
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) has seven episodes, each of which lasts for how long?

A

three minutes

40
Q

Babies with a secure attachment explore happily/unhappily

A

happily

41
Q

How do babies with a secure attachment show proximity-seeking and secure-base behaviour?

A

By regularly going back to their caregiver

42
Q

Babies with a secure attachment usually show what level of separation distress and stranger anxiety?

A

Moderate

43
Q

True/False: Babies with a secure attachment do not require comfort from the caregiver in the reunion stage

A

False: they do and they accept this

44
Q

Around what percentage of British babies are classified as secure?

A

60-75

45
Q

True/False: Babies with an insecure-avoidant attachment explore freely

A

True

46
Q

Babies with an insecure-avoidant attachment explore freely but…

A

do not seek proximity or show secure-base behaviour

47
Q

True/False: Babies with an insecure-avoidant attachment show secure-base behaviour

A

False, they do not

48
Q

What kind of reaction to babies with an insecure-avoidant attachment show when a caregiver leaves?

A

Little or no reaction, and little stranger anxiety

49
Q

Babies with an insecure-avoidant attachment have high/low levels of stranger anxiety

A

low

50
Q

Babies with which type of attachment make little effort to make contact when the caregiver returns and may even avoid such contact?

A

Babies with an insecure-avoidant attachment

51
Q

Around what percentage of British babies are classified as insecure-avoidant?

A

60-75%

52
Q

Babies with an insecure-resistant attachment seek greater _________ than others and so explore less

A

proximity

53
Q

True/False: Babies with an insecure-resistant attachment explore more

A

False, they explore less

54
Q

Babies with an insecure-resistant attachment show high/low levels of stranger and separation distress

A

high

55
Q

True/False: Babies with an insecure-resistant attachment resist comfort when reunited with their caregiver

A

True

56
Q

Around what percentage of British babies are classed as insecure-resistant?

A

3%

57
Q

One strength of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) is that its outcome predicts a number of aspects of…

A

the baby’s later development

58
Q

In terms of attachment, a large body of research has shown that babies and toddlers assessed as ______ tend to have better outcomes than others, both in later childhood and in adulthood

A

secure

59
Q

True/False: A large body of research has shown that babies and toddlers assessed as insecure-resistant tend to have better outcomes than others, both in later childhood and in adulthood

A

False, this is true for babies assessed as secure

60
Q

A large body of research has shown that babies and toddlers assessed as secure tend to have what in later childhood and in adulthood

A

better outcomes than others

61
Q

A large body of research has shown that babies and toddlers assessed as secure tend to have better outcomes than others, both in later _________ and in _________

A

childhood, adulthood

62
Q

A large body of research has shown that babies and toddlers assessed as secure tend to have better outcomes than others - in childhood this includes… (McCormick et al. 2016, Kokkinos 2007)

A

Better achievement in school and less involvement in bullying

63
Q

Securely attached babies tend to go on to have better/worse m_____ h_____ in adulthood (Ward et al. 2006)

A

better mental health

64
Q

Babies assessed as having which type of attachment as well as those not falling under either type tend to have worse outcomes?

A

Insecure-resistant

65
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) clearly measures something important that is associated with later development. However…

A

not all psychologists believe this something is attachment

66
Q

What did Kagan (1982) suggest about Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Genetically-influenced anxiety levels could account for variations in attachment behaviour in the Strange Situation and later development

67
Q

True/False: It is clear that Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) measures attachment

A

False, there is criticism that Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) may not actually measure attachment

68
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Agreement between different observers

69
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) has good/poor inter-rater reliability

A

good

70
Q

What did Bick et al. (2012) do in regards to Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Test inter-rater reliability for Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) for a team of trained observers

71
Q

What did Bick et al. (2012) find about the inter-rater reliability of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970)?

A

Agreement on attachment type in 94% of cases

72
Q

Bick et al. (2012) found agreement on attachment type in __% of cases in their inter-rater reliability test of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970

A

94

73
Q

Why may Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) have a high level of reliability?

A

The procedure takes place under controlled conditions and behaviours (such as proximity-seeking and stranger anxiety) involve large movements and are therefore easy to observe

74
Q

True/False: Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) takes place under controlled conditions

A

True

75
Q

Behaviours such as proximity-seeking and stranger anxiety are easy/hard to observe

A

Easy

76
Q

Why are behaviours such as proximity-seeking and stranger anxiety easy to observe?

A

They involve large movements

77
Q

Anxious babies crying and crawling away from strangers is an example of…

A

stranger anxiety

78
Q

Why does the fact that behaviours such as proximity-seeking and stranger anxiety are easy to observe mean that we can be confident about attachment types assessed by the Strange Situation?

A

Doesn’t depend on subjective judgements

79
Q

One limitation of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) is that it may not be a valid measure of attachment in different ________ contexts

A

cultural

80
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) was developed where?

A

In Britain and the US

81
Q

Culture-bound

A

Only valid for use in certain cultures

82
Q

Why may the fact that Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) was developed in Britain and the US mean it may be culture-bound?

A

Babies have different experiences in different cultures and these experiences may affect their responses to the Strange Situation

83
Q

In a Japanese replication of the Strange Situation by Takahashi (1986), babies displayed very high levels of what?

A

Separation anxiety

84
Q

In a Japanese replication of the Strange Situation by Takahashi (1986), babies displayed very high levels of what separation anxiety leading to a disproportionate number being classified as…

A

insecure-resistant

85
Q

Why did Takahashi (1986) suggest that the Japanese replication of the Strange Situation produced high levels of separation anxiety?

A

Not due to attachment insecurity but to the unusual nature of the experience in Japan where mother-baby separation is very rare

86
Q

True/False: Takahashi (1986) suggested that the high levels of separation anxiety in the Japanese replication of the Strange Situation was because of attachment insecurity

A

False: This was not due to attachment insecurity but to the unusual nature of the experience in Japan where mother-baby separation is very rare

87
Q

The potential of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) being culture-bound means that it is very difficult to know…

A

what it is measuring when used outside Europe and the US

88
Q

What was the fourth category of attachment identified by Main and Solomon (1986)?

A

Disorganised attachment

89
Q

Disorganised attachment is a mix of which behaviours?

A

Resistant and avoidant behavioursr

90
Q

What did Main and Solomon (1986) identify?

A

A fourth category of attachment

91
Q

True/False: Babies with a disorganised attachment are usual

A

False, they are unusual

92
Q

Most babies with a disorganised attachment have generally experienced…

A

some form of severe neglect or abuse

93
Q

What do most babies with a disorganised attachment go on to develop by adulthood?

A

Psychological disorders

Psychology - IN FOCUS Attachment (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions