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RUSVM Immuno exam 2 > Type I Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type I Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A
  • humoral immune respone
  • allergies or asthma
  • exaggerated Th2 response
  • Excessive amount of IgE=Atopy
  • affected animals=atopic
  • genes + envir. factors = allergies
  • susceptible breeds
  • human child infection
  • early contact w/ allergens
  • intestinal microflora, parasite worms
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2
Q

Overproduction of which antibody?

A

IgE

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3
Q

IL-4 overproduction, therefore

A

increase Th2 activation & B cell stimulation

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4
Q

FceR has ___ affinity & ___ binding

A

increased & irreversible binding

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5
Q

Where is FceRI present?

A

Mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages & dendritic cells

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6
Q

Where is FceRII present?

A

B cells, NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils & platelets

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7
Q

3 main components

A

IgE, Mast Cell & antigen/allergen

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8
Q

Is there a rxn seen after first exposure?

A

no

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9
Q

The allergy loop dendritic cells express trimeric FceRI and as a result can bind antigen-

A

IgE complexes.

-stimulates Th2 –> secrete cytokines

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10
Q

FceRI

A
  • high affinity
  • mast cell degranulation
  • eosinophil ADCC
  • dendritic cells
  • macrophages
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11
Q

FceRII

A
  • low affinity
  • B cell down regulation
  • macrophage phagocytosis
  • NK cell
  • Dendritic cells
  • eosinophils
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12
Q

Mast Cell

A
  • located in intestine, skin, airways, nerves, blood vessels

- release pro-inflammatory mediators

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13
Q

Connective tissue/skin mast cells

A
  • histamine
  • Heparin
  • lifespan 6,
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14
Q

Intestine/lung mast cells

A
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • few histamine
  • lifespan <40 days
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15
Q

Granules have ___ molecules

A

proinflammatory

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16
Q

Seconds

A

Granule Exocytosis

  • histamine
  • serotonin
  • tryptase
  • kalikreins
  • proteases
  • proteoglycans
17
Q

Minutes

A

Eicosanoid Synthesis & Secretion

  • Leukotrienes
  • Prostaglandins
  • Platelet activating factors
18
Q

Hours

A

Cytokine Synthesis and Secretion
-IL-4,5,6,13
TNF alpha
MIP 1alpha

19
Q

Mast Cells

A

IL-6
IL-13
(degranulation in presence of IgE)

20
Q

Basophils

A

IL-3,4,6,13
Histamine
GM-CSF
(basophil differentiation in bone marrow)

21
Q

Eosinophils

A

IL-8
Degranulation
(terminal effector cells of allergic responses)

22
Q

Th2 cells

A

IL-5
IL-13
(Eotaxins)

23
Q

Factors of ganules have effects on

A

GI tract, respiratory tract, blood vessels

24
Q

Enhance mast cell degranulation

A 
stimulation of adrenoreceptors
-Norepinephrine
-Phenylephrine
-block Beta adrenoreceptors
Propranol
25
Q

Inhibition of Mast cell degranulation

A

blocking of adrenoreceptors

  • stimulate Beta adrenoreceptors
  • isoproterenol
  • epinephrine
  • salbutamol
26
Q

Immediate inflammation time Vs late phase rxn

A

10-20 minutes

6-12 hours

27
Q

Mast cells
alpha receptor stimulation:
beta receptor stimulation:

A
  • enhances degranulation

- suppresses degranulation

28
Q

Smooth muscles
alpha receptor stimulation:
beta receptor stimulation:

A
  • contracts

- relaxes

29
Q

Blood vessels
alpha receptor stimulation:
beta receptor stimulation:

A
  • constricts

- dilates

30
Q

Clinical type I hypersensitivity examples

A
  • allergic anaphylaxis
  • milk allergy
  • food allergy
  • allergies to parasites
  • atopic dermatitis
31
Q

The most common body system usually affected is the

A

respiratory system

liver in dogs

32
Q

Allergic anaphylaxis is serious why?

A

life threatening

33
Q

Dx of Type I hypersensitivity

A
  • intradermal skin testing
  • passive cutaneus anaphylaxis
  • measuring IgE
34
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

allergen, IL-31, sensory neurons cause itching

35
Q

Tx of type I hypersensitivity

A
  • avoid exposure
  • corticosteroids/antihistamines
  • beta stimulants: epinephrine
  • alpha antagonists: methoxamine
  • allergen specific immunotherapy
36
Q

Immunotherapy

A
  • injections, oral drops
  • increase production of IgG antibodies
  • main antibody involved is IgE, IgE & IgG will compete for antigen and eliminate antigen faster
37
Q

Atopic Dermatitis tx

A

block the IL-31 which will stop itching but not the allergen

38
Q

Allergen

A

antigen that can trigger type I hypersensitivity

39
Q

If the rate of release of vasoactive molecules from these mast cells exceeds its ability to adjust to the rapid changes in the vascular system, an animal will undergo allergic anaphylaxis and may die. T/F

A

TRUE

RUSVM Immuno exam 2 (13 decks)

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