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RUSVM Immuno exam 2 > Humoral Immune Response II > Flashcards

Humoral Immune Response II Flashcards

1
Q

Naive B lymphocytes express two classes of membrane bound antibodies

A

IgM and IgD

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2
Q

One activated B cell may generate up to ___ plasma cells

A

4,000 which can produce 10^12 antibodies per day

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3
Q

How many antibodies produced per second in plasma cell?

A

10,000

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4
Q

Repeated exposure leads to an increased

A

affinity for the antigen–> immune response becomes for efficient

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5
Q

The better the fit b/t antibody-binding site and antigen, the…

A

higher the affinity

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6
Q

BCR and complement receptor

A

bind to fragments of compliment proteins and deliver an additional signal to the B-cell nucleus

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7
Q

When a B cell doesn’t find a antigen or appropriate Th cell, it leaves the node and moves on the the next node via

A

efferent lymphatics

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8
Q

B cells and Th cells enter lymph node through

A

HEV’s and interact to effect B cell activation

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9
Q

Triggers response or carries antigen to secondary lymphoid organs

A

dendritic cells. Th2 humoral

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10
Q

B cells phagocytize antigen and fragments it, presented in MHC II and recognized by T cell receptor. What recognizes MHC II?

A

CD4

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11
Q

Where do B cells proliferate?

A

lymph nodes and germinal centers

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12
Q

germinal center forms from

A

primary lymphoid follicles

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13
Q

Dividing B cells are called

A

centroblast

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14
Q

Resting B cells are called

A

centrocytes

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15
Q

Germinal centers contain

A

Th cells and follicular dendritic cells

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16
Q

What are the type of cells that differentiate from B cells?

A

plasma and memory

17
Q

Plasma cells leave through

A

efferent lymphatics

18
Q

Plasma cells produce antibodies. ___ in primary immune response

A

IgM

19
Q

In secondary antibody response, we have participation of memory B cells so the response is quicker and stronger. ___ in secondary immune response

A

IgG

20
Q

Neutralization

A

bacterial toxins, neutralized & then phagocytized

21
Q

Opsonization

A

whole membrane is covered w/ antibody

-phagocytic cells have Fc receptor to recognize antibody and ingest & lysis of bacteria

22
Q

Complement activation

A

Bacteria in plasma, activated on pathogen IgG or IgM, ingestion & lysis

23
Q

The ability of a receptor to bind to an antigen is determined by the ____

A

shape of its binding site

24
Q

The info needed to make all proteins, including antigen receptors is in the

A

genome of plasma cells

25
Q

Mammals could express up to 10^15 different antigen binding receptors on

A

B & T cells

-they use fewer than 500 genes!!!

26
Q

Antibodies are proteins which are made up of

A

amino acids that can make shapes

27
Q

Several genes code for the ___ while one gene codes for the ___

A

variable, constant

28
Q

Gene diversity

A

gene recombination, somatic mutation, gene conversion

29
Q

Antigen receptor chains are coded for by

A

3 genes from separate groups

30
Q

Gene recombination

A
  • one gene from each light and heavy chain selected
  • IgK(kappa) IgL(lambda)
  • Deleting unwanted genes that aren’t selected
  • during B cell development, each cell has 4 attempts to make a productive gene rearrangement coding for a functional immunoglobulin.
  • If it fails the 4th time–> APOPTOSIS
31
Q

Somatic Mutation

A
  • occurs on B cell receptors or antibodies
  • difference b/t variable region of TCR and immunoglobulins is CDRs
  • TCR-no somatic mutation
  • Immunoglobulin light chain-somatic mutation or gene conversion
32
Q

Immunoglobulins have ____ CDRs

A

3

33
Q

How many bases encode for one amino acid?

A

3

34
Q

Somatic mutation 1

A

reduced antigen binding –> apoptosis

35
Q

Somatic mutation 2

A

enhanced antigen binding

  • 3 reduced antigen binding–> apoptosis
  • 4 advanced antigen binding–> clonal expansion
36
Q

Gene conversion

A
  • insertion of group of genes on variable region

- segments of upstream genes or pseudogenes are inserted into a single V region to generate diversity

37
Q

T cell Receptor

A
  • only gene cell recombination in variable region
  • The basic structure of the 3 gene loci that code for the 4 diff TCR chains. The genes for beta chains are embedded w/in the alpha chain genes to form a single locus
  • all variability and specifity come from selection of the genes
38
Q

every time plasma cells divide they get

A

higher affinity

RUSVM Immuno exam 2 (13 decks)

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