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RUSVM Immuno exam 2 > Humoral Immune Response I > Flashcards

Humoral Immune Response I Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular antigens

A
  • cellular immune response

- cytotoxic T cells

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2
Q

Extracellular antigens

A
  • Humoral immune response

- Antibodies

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3
Q

B lymphocytes

A
  • Secondary Lymphoid organs: cortex of lymph nodes, marginal zone of spleen, bone marrow, peyers patches, blood
  • -> recognize & respond to a single antigen –> antibodies
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4
Q

Humoral Immune Response: Adaptive, passive

A
  • Passive Artificial=immunoglobulins
  • Passive Natural=Transplacental, colostrum, egg
  • Active Artificial=vaccination
  • Active Natural=diseases
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5
Q

B lymphocyte antigen receptors

A

-BCR
-200,000 to 500,000 BCRs (only 30,000 TCRs)
-Antigen binding & signaling components
-Antibodies are soluble BCRs
BCR & antibodies belong to a superfamily of proteins: immunoglobulins

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6
Q

B cell receptor structure

A

Fab=fragment antigen binding
Hinge allows movement
Fc=fragment crystallizable
Heavy and light chain

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7
Q

Antibody w/ ____ will cause Fc and 2 Fab to separate antibody

A

Papain

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8
Q

____ reaction w/ antibody causes Fab to stay together but separate from Fc

A

Pepsin

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9
Q

Antibodies can work as an antigen in different species and trigger

A

immune response

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10
Q

What makes up antigens and antibodies?

A

proteins

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11
Q

B lymphocyte receptors: Light chains

A

-C1 constant domain
-V1 variable domain
Light kappa chain
light lambda chain

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12
Q

B lymphocyte receptors: heavy chains

A
  • 4-5 chains domain
  • variable domain Vh
  • Constant domain Ch
  • α,δ,γ,ε,μ
  • IgA, IgG, IgD, IgE, IgM
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13
Q

Constant regions among hypervariable regions are called

A

framework regions

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14
Q

Hypervariable regions are known as

A

complementarity determining regions (CDRs)

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15
Q

CDRs and framework regions join to make a space called a

A

paratope=empty space

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16
Q

What replaces the paratope?

A

Epitope

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17
Q

B cell is activated from a

A

tight fit b/t epitope and CDRs

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18
Q

Constant domains

  • α,δ,γ
  • ε,μ
A
  • 3 constant domains: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3

- 4 constant domains: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4

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19
Q

What types of cells have antibody receptors?

A

neutrophils, B cells, T cells, macrophages

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20
Q

Main function of the hinge region:

A
  • to allow molecule movement, faster rxn w/ antigen (Fab moves)
  • can bind 2 antigens
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21
Q

B cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule

A

CD79

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22
Q

T cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule

A

CD3

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23
Q

B lymphocytes co-stimulation

A

CD21/CD19

24
Q

CD21 binds to ___ on the antigen. Signaling through CD19, it generates a potent co-stimulatory signal to enhance B cell responses

A

CD3

25
Q

B cells are activated by

A

transcription factors

26
Q

Th2 cell response

A

humoral

27
Q

B cells can work as

A

APC

28
Q

IL-4

A
  • increase growth & differentiation of B cells
  • Increase expression of MHC II
  • Induces Ig class switching
29
Q

IL-5

A
  • B cell differentiation into plasma cells
  • Stimulates IgM and IgG production
  • IL-5 + IL-4 induced IgE production
  • Selectively stimulates IgA production
30
Q

IL-6

A
  • Needed for final differentiation of B cell into plasma cells
  • IL-6 + IL-5 promote IgA production
  • IL-6 + IL-1 promotes IgM production
31
Q

IL-13

A
  • Similar to IL-4

- Required for optimal induction of IgE

32
Q

Primary immune response

A

antigen is processed by a dendritic cell & presented to the Th cell

33
Q

Secondary immune response

A

B cell itself can act as an antigen presenting cell

34
Q

CD40 is present in all

A

APCs (B cells, dendritic cells, macrophage)

35
Q

Only ____ cells can trigger primary immune response

A

dendritic

36
Q

T-independent immune response has no participation of

A

Th.

No memory cells, only IgM

37
Q

When B cells respond to antigen, they respond by

A

division and differentiation of their progeny into plasma cells

38
Q

What do plasma cells produce?

A

antibodies

39
Q

Plasma cells

A
  • short lived (1-2w) Spleen & lymph nodes after immunization
  • long lived (months to years) accumulate in bone marrow
40
Q

Memory cells

A
  • long lived resting memory cells, survival does not depend on antigen contact
  • large and dividing memory cells, survival depends on antigen contact
  • memory cells survive in humans 60 yrs
41
Q

Germinal center

A
  • where immune response starts/is triggered
  • antigen-derived cell proliferation
  • somatic hyper mutation
  • positive & negative B cell selction
  • stimulated B cells + Th cells migrate to germinal center around 6 days after response begins
42
Q

Antibodies

A

are proteins, immunoglobulins, soluble BCRs

-saliva, milk, GI fluid

43
Q

IgG

A

-plasma cells in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
-important for inflammation
-agglutination
-opsonization
activate classical compliment pathway

44
Q

IgM

A
  • Mainly in blood circulation, Very BIG contain 5 IgM
  • NO hinge
  • Plasma cell in secondary lymphoid organs
  • acting as BCR, IgM, is a monomer
  • complement activation site on Ch4
  • Major Ig produced in primary immine response
  • opsonization
  • virus neutralization
  • agglutination
  • NOT very important for inflammation
45
Q

IgA

A
  • mainly present in body fluids, mucus surfaces
  • diamond shape–> 2 molecules attached
  • secretory component- helps secrete IgA
  • Plasma cells in body surfaces: intestine, respiratory tract, urinary system, skin, mammary gland
  • transported through intestinal epithelial cells into external secretions
  • major Ig in external secretions in non-ruminants
  • does Not activate classical pathway
46
Q

IgE

A
  • extra constant regions(4)
  • produced by plasma cells located under body surfaces
  • IgE is attached to FceRI on MAST cells & BASOPHILS
  • IgE + antigen–>Inflammation
  • release inflammatory molecules from mast cells
  • inflammation enhances local defense
  • shortest half life
  • allergies, asthma, parasites
47
Q

IgD

A
  • HUGE hinge region- unstable
  • not present in cats, chickens, rabbits
  • IgD is mainly attached to B cells
  • some circulating IgD bings to basophils
  • mediates the link b/t innate and adaptive immunity
48
Q

all cattle possess a complete set of classes and subclasses

A

Isotypes

49
Q

within a population, individual cattle posses different

A

Allotypes

50
Q

Each individual animal has a very large number of different

A

Idiotypes

51
Q

Primary immune response is

A

the first exposure to an antigen (7 days)

52
Q

Placental transfer in some animals and main antibody to activate classical complement pathway

A

IgG

53
Q

Antibody in digestive system, respiratory, repro, urinary, mammary

A

IgA

54
Q

Antibody on skin and mucus

A

IgE

55
Q

Antibody that is systemic

A

IgG

56
Q

Antibody in blood circulation and lymphatic vessels

A

IgM & IgG

RUSVM Immuno exam 2 (13 decks)

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