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RUSVM Immuno exam 2 > Humoral Immune Response I > Flashcards

Humoral Immune Response I Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular antigens

A
  • cellular immune response

- cytotoxic T cells

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2
Q

Extracellular antigens

A
  • Humoral immune response

- Antibodies

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3
Q

B lymphocytes

A
  • Secondary Lymphoid organs: cortex of lymph nodes, marginal zone of spleen, bone marrow, peyers patches, blood
  • -> recognize & respond to a single antigen –> antibodies
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4
Q

Humoral Immune Response: Adaptive, passive

A
  • Passive Artificial=immunoglobulins
  • Passive Natural=Transplacental, colostrum, egg
  • Active Artificial=vaccination
  • Active Natural=diseases
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5
Q

B lymphocyte antigen receptors

A

-BCR
-200,000 to 500,000 BCRs (only 30,000 TCRs)
-Antigen binding & signaling components
-Antibodies are soluble BCRs
BCR & antibodies belong to a superfamily of proteins: immunoglobulins

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6
Q

B cell receptor structure

A

Fab=fragment antigen binding
Hinge allows movement
Fc=fragment crystallizable
Heavy and light chain

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7
Q

Antibody w/ ____ will cause Fc and 2 Fab to separate antibody

A

Papain

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8
Q

____ reaction w/ antibody causes Fab to stay together but separate from Fc

A

Pepsin

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9
Q

Antibodies can work as an antigen in different species and trigger

A

immune response

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10
Q

What makes up antigens and antibodies?

A

proteins

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11
Q

B lymphocyte receptors: Light chains

A

-C1 constant domain
-V1 variable domain
Light kappa chain
light lambda chain

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12
Q

B lymphocyte receptors: heavy chains

A
  • 4-5 chains domain
  • variable domain Vh
  • Constant domain Ch
  • α,δ,γ,ε,μ
  • IgA, IgG, IgD, IgE, IgM
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13
Q

Constant regions among hypervariable regions are called

A

framework regions

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14
Q

Hypervariable regions are known as

A

complementarity determining regions (CDRs)

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15
Q

CDRs and framework regions join to make a space called a

A

paratope=empty space

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16
Q

What replaces the paratope?

A

Epitope

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17
Q

B cell is activated from a

A

tight fit b/t epitope and CDRs

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18
Q

Constant domains

  • α,δ,γ
  • ε,μ
A
  • 3 constant domains: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3

- 4 constant domains: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4

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19
Q

What types of cells have antibody receptors?

A

neutrophils, B cells, T cells, macrophages

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20
Q

Main function of the hinge region:

A
  • to allow molecule movement, faster rxn w/ antigen (Fab moves)
  • can bind 2 antigens
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21
Q

B cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule

A

CD79

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22
Q

T cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule

A

CD3

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23
Q

B lymphocytes co-stimulation

24
Q

CD21 binds to ___ on the antigen. Signaling through CD19, it generates a potent co-stimulatory signal to enhance B cell responses

25
B cells are activated by
transcription factors
26
Th2 cell response
humoral
27
B cells can work as
APC
28
IL-4
- increase growth & differentiation of B cells - Increase expression of MHC II - Induces Ig class switching
29
IL-5
- B cell differentiation into plasma cells - Stimulates IgM and IgG production - IL-5 + IL-4 induced IgE production - Selectively stimulates IgA production
30
IL-6
- Needed for final differentiation of B cell into plasma cells - IL-6 + IL-5 promote IgA production - IL-6 + IL-1 promotes IgM production
31
IL-13
- Similar to IL-4 | - Required for optimal induction of IgE
32
Primary immune response
antigen is processed by a dendritic cell & presented to the Th cell
33
Secondary immune response
B cell itself can act as an antigen presenting cell
34
CD40 is present in all
APCs (B cells, dendritic cells, macrophage)
35
Only ____ cells can trigger primary immune response
dendritic
36
T-independent immune response has no participation of
Th. | No memory cells, only IgM
37
When B cells respond to antigen, they respond by
division and differentiation of their progeny into plasma cells
38
What do plasma cells produce?
antibodies
39
Plasma cells
- short lived (1-2w) Spleen & lymph nodes after immunization - long lived (months to years) accumulate in bone marrow
40
Memory cells
- long lived resting memory cells, survival does not depend on antigen contact - large and dividing memory cells, survival depends on antigen contact - memory cells survive in humans 60 yrs
41
Germinal center
- where immune response starts/is triggered - antigen-derived cell proliferation - somatic hyper mutation - positive & negative B cell selction - stimulated B cells + Th cells migrate to germinal center around 6 days after response begins
42
Antibodies
are proteins, immunoglobulins, soluble BCRs | -saliva, milk, GI fluid
43
IgG
-plasma cells in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow -important for inflammation -agglutination -opsonization activate classical compliment pathway
44
IgM
- Mainly in blood circulation, Very BIG contain 5 IgM - NO hinge - Plasma cell in secondary lymphoid organs - acting as BCR, IgM, is a monomer - complement activation site on Ch4 - Major Ig produced in primary immine response - opsonization - virus neutralization - agglutination - NOT very important for inflammation
45
IgA
- mainly present in body fluids, mucus surfaces - diamond shape--> 2 molecules attached - secretory component- helps secrete IgA - Plasma cells in body surfaces: intestine, respiratory tract, urinary system, skin, mammary gland - transported through intestinal epithelial cells into external secretions - major Ig in external secretions in non-ruminants - does Not activate classical pathway
46
IgE
- extra constant regions(4) - produced by plasma cells located under body surfaces - IgE is attached to FceRI on MAST cells & BASOPHILS - IgE + antigen-->Inflammation - release inflammatory molecules from mast cells - inflammation enhances local defense - shortest half life - allergies, asthma, parasites
47
IgD
- HUGE hinge region- unstable - not present in cats, chickens, rabbits - IgD is mainly attached to B cells - some circulating IgD bings to basophils - mediates the link b/t innate and adaptive immunity
48
all cattle possess a complete set of classes and subclasses
Isotypes
49
within a population, individual cattle posses different
Allotypes
50
Each individual animal has a very large number of different
Idiotypes
51
Primary immune response is
the first exposure to an antigen (7 days)
52
Placental transfer in some animals and main antibody to activate classical complement pathway
IgG
53
Antibody in digestive system, respiratory, repro, urinary, mammary
IgA
54
Antibody on skin and mucus
IgE
55
Antibody that is systemic
IgG
56
Antibody in blood circulation and lymphatic vessels
IgM & IgG

RUSVM Immuno exam 2 (13 decks)

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