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Immune System > Type 2 Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type 2 Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody mediated

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2
Q

Which antibodies are involved?

A

IgG

IgM

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3
Q

What cells are targeted?

A

Cell bound antigens

  • exogenous = blood group antigens, rhesus D antigen
  • endogenous = self antigens
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4
Q

What are the mechanisms?

A

Tissue/cell damage

Physiological change

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5
Q

How can it cause tissue/cell damage?

A

Complement activation

  • cell lysis
  • neutrophil recruitment (C3a/5a)
  • opsonisation (C3b)

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- NK cells

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6
Q

What diseases are due to complement activation?

A

Haemolytic disease of the new-born

Transfusion reactions

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7
Q

What is the antigen for haemolytic disease of the new-born?

A

Rhesus D

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8
Q

What is the antigen for transfusion reactions?

A

ABO system

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9
Q

What disease are due to anti-body dependent cell cytotoxicity?

A

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of transfusion reactions?

A

Incompatibility in ABO or rhesus D antigens

RBC lysis induced by type 2 hypersensitivity - IgM

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of haemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

Rh+ father + Rh- mother
Rh+ antigens get into mothers blood during delivery
Next child - mother has IgG against Rh+

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12
Q

How is haemolytic disease of the new-born investigated?

A

Coombs test

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13
Q

What is a direct coombs test?

A

Direct antiglobulin test - tests in vitro

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14
Q

What is an indirect coombs test?

A

Indirect antiglobulin test - tests in vivo

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15
Q

How is haemolytic disease of the newborn managed?

A

RhoGAM given to mother after birth of Rh+ child

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16
Q

How can it cause physiological change?

A

Receptor stimulation

Receptor blockade

17
Q

What disease is due to receptor stimulation?

A

Graves’ disease

18
Q

What is the antigen for Graves’ disease?

A

TSH receptor

19
Q

What disease is due to receptor blockade?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

20
Q

What is the antigen for myasthenia gravis?

A

Acetylcholine receptor

21
Q

How can type 2 hypersensitivity be managed?

A

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Plasmapheresis

Immune System (9 decks)

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