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Immune System > Type 1 Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

Allergy

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2
Q

What antibody is involved?

A

IgE

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3
Q

What are some examples of allergens?

A 
Pollens 
Dust
Animal dander
Insect venom 
Medicines 
Food
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4
Q

What are the mechanisms of type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

Abnormal adaptive immune response

  • TH2 response
  • IgE production

Mast cell activation
- IgE dependent mechanism

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5
Q

Where are mast cells found?

A

Mucosal tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue

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6
Q

What are the main mast cell mediators?

A

Tryptase
Histamine
Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
Platelet activating factor

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7
Q

What is the effect of tryptase?

A

Remodels connective tissue matrix

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8
Q

What is the effect of histamine?

A

Toxic to parasites

Increase vascular permeability

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9
Q

What is the effect of leukotrienes C4, D4, E4?

A

Cause smooth muscle contraction
Increase vascular permeability
Stimulate mucus secretion

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10
Q

What is the effect of platelet activating factor?

A

Attracts leukocytes

Activates neutrophils, eosinophils, platelets

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11
Q

What is the immune mechanism of an allergic reaction#/

A

1st exposure = TH2 respose

2nd exposure = IgE cross-linking -> mast cell degranulation

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12
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Skin manifestation of allergy

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13
Q

What causes urticaria?

A

Mast cell activation within the epidermis

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14
Q

What mediates urticaria?

A

Histamine

Leukotrienes

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15
Q

What is angioedema?

A

Face manifestation of allergy

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16
Q

What causes angioedema?

A

Mast cell activation in the deep dermis

17
Q

What mediates angioedema?

A

Histamine

Bradykinin

18
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Systemic manifestation of an allergy reaction

19
Q

What happens in anaphylaxis?

A

Increased vascular permeability
- hypotension

Vasodilation

  • generalised urticaria
  • angioedema

Bronchial constriction
- breathing problems

20
Q

What are symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A 
Confusion 
Lip swellings
Shortness of breath 
Wheeze
Itchy skin
21
Q

How is anaphylaxis manage?

A

Adrenaline IM

22
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline?

A

Reverses peripheral vasodilation
Reverses bronchospasm
Increases myocardial contraction
Inhibits mast cell activation

Immune System (9 decks)

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