Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Type 2 diabetes medication > Flashcards

Type 2 diabetes medication Flashcards

1
Q

What is the HbA1c target for patients on one medication with lifestyle factors?

A

48 mmol/mol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the target HbA1c for patients changing lifestyle?

A

48mmol/mol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first line medication for type 2 diabetes?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metformin?

A

Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Increases insulin sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is metformin a good option?

A

Doesn’t cause weight gain or Hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common side effect of metformin?

A

Gastrointestinal upset

nausea, anorexia, diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can metformin cause in those with severe liver disease or renal failure?

A

Lactic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When should metformin be temporarily stopped?

A

When undergoing iodine-containing x-ray contrast media

Discontinued on the day of the procedure and for 48 hours thereafter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are other contraindications of metformin?

A

CKD- creatinine is > 150 µmol/l (or eGFR < 30 ml/min)
Alcohol abuse
recent myocardial infarction- hypoxic tissue can cause lactic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can be considered if patients can tolerate side effects of metformin?

A

Modified-release metformin should be considered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is teh mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

A

Reversibly inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) in the renal proximal convoluted tubule to reduce glucose reabsorption and increase urinary glucose excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are examples of SGLT-2 drugs?

A

Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main benefit of SGLT-2 drugs?

A

Cause weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the adverse effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor drugs?

A

Urinary and genital infection
Normoglycaemic ketoacidosis
Increased risk of lower-limb amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What needs to be closely monitored in someone taking SGLT-2 inhibitor drugs?

A

Feet- due to the risk of LL amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of acion of sulphonylureas?

A

They increase pancreatic insulin secretion

17
Q

What are examples of sulphonylurea drugs?

A

Gliclazide
Glimepiride

18
Q

What is the main contraindication of sulphonylurea drugs?

A

Breast feeding and pregnancy

19
Q

What are the main adverse effects of sulphonylurea drugs?

A
  • Hypoglycaemia- Sweaty, dizzy, confused
  • Increased appetite and weight gain
20
Q

What other adverse effects can sulphonylurea drugs cause?

A
  • Cholestatic liver dysfunction
  • Gastrointestinal disturbance.
21
Q

What are rare effects of sulphonylurea drugs?

A

Bone marrow suppression
Peripheral neuropathy

22
Q

What is an example of a Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors?

A

Vildagliptin
Sitagliptin

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of DPP-4 drugs?

A

Increase levels of incretins (GLP-1 and GIP) by decreasing their peripheral breakdown

24
Q

What are the advantages of DPP-4 drugs?

A

Don’t cause weight gain or hypoglycaemia

25
Q

Whne would DPP-4 drugs be preferable to Thiazolidinedione?

A

If further weight gain would cause significant problems

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Thiazolidinedione?

A

Agonists to the PPAR-gamma receptor and reduce peripheral insulin resistance.

27
Q

What are examples of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Pioglitazone

28
Q

What is the main contraindication of Thiazolidinediones?

A
  • Heart failure as they can cause fluid retention
29
Q

What are the main adverse effects of Thiazolidinediones?

A

weight gain
liver impairment
fluid retention

30
Q

What is there an increased risk of with Thiazolidinediones?

A

Increased risk of fractures
Increased risk of bladder cancer

31
Q

What needs to be monitored in a patient Thiazolidinediones?

A

LFT’s

32
Q

What are examples of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics drugs?

A

Exenatide

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 drugs?

A

Increase insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion

34
Q

What can GLP-1 drugs result in?

A

Weight loss

Endocrine (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions