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Endocrine > Hyperparathyroidism > Flashcards

Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main causes of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Solitary adenoma (80%)
Hyperplasia of the gland

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2
Q

How does hyperparathyroidism present?

A

Symptoms of hypercalcaemia

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?

A

‘bones, stones, abdominal groans and psychic moans’
polydipsia, polyuria
peptic ulceration/constipation/pancreatitis
bone pain/fracture
renal stones
depression
hypertension

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4
Q

How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?

A

Raised Calcium
Raised PTH
Low Phosphate

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5
Q

What would you use to diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Bloods- raised calcium, low phosphate
X-ray- Pepper pot skull

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6
Q

What would you find on an x-ray of someone with Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Pepper pot skull

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7
Q

What is the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroidectomy

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8
Q

What is the medical management of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Bisphosphonates

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9
Q

What are the 2 main causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A
  • Vit D deficiency
  • Chronic Renal Failure
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10
Q

How does secondary hypoparathyroidism present?

A
  • Symptoms of hypocalcaemia

* Hyperplasia of the gland-gets bulky

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11
Q

What are symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

A

SPASMODICS

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12
Q

How would you diagnose secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Raised ALP
Raised PTH and phosphate
Low calcium

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13
Q

What is the surgical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroidectom

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14
Q

What is the medical management of secondary hypoparathyroidism?

A

Cinacalcet

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15
Q

What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism continues for a long period of time

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16
Q

How does tertiary hyperparathyroidism present?

A

PTH remains inappropriately high
High calcium
High PTH

17
Q

What is the management of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroidectomy

18
Q

What can patients who aren’t suitable for surgery be given?

A

cinacalce

19
Q

What is cinacalce?

A

a calcimimetic- ‘mimics’ the action of calcium on tissues

20
Q

What is primary hyperparathyroidism associated with?

A

hypertension
multiple endocrine neoplasia: MEN I and II

21
Q

What is secondary hyperparathyroidism a result of?

A

Increased secretion of PTH in response to low calcium due to kidney, liver or bowel disease

22
Q

What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism due to?

A

Usually occurs after prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism- autonomous secretion of PTH, usually because of chronic kidney disease (CK

23
Q

What is hyperparathyroidism due to?

A

Excess secretion of PTH resulting in hypercalcaemia

24
Q

How can the PTH be affected in primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Normal or raised

Endocrine (27 decks)

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