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Endocrine > Diabetes type 2 > Flashcards

Diabetes type 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How does type 2 diabetes occur?

A

Repeated exposure to glucose and insulin means cells become resistant to insulin

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2
Q

What happens to the pancreas in type 2 diabetes?

A

They require more insulin from the pancreas to get a response
Pancreas becomes damaged, produces less insulin leading to hyperglycaemia

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3
Q

What does type 2 diabetes result in?

A

Hyperglycaemia

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4
Q

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A

Older age
Black
Family history

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5
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity
Sedentary
High carb diet

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6
Q

How does type 2 diabetes present?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
  • Slow healing
  • Weight loss
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7
Q

What is the criteria for pre-diabetes?

A
  • Impaired fasting glucose=6.1-6.9mmol/l
  • Impaired glucose tolerance=7.8-11.1mmol/l
  • HbA1c 42-47mmol/l
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8
Q

What is the criteria for diabetes?

A
  • HbA1c 48mmol/l (53mmol/l beyond metaformin)
  • Fasting glucose 7mmol/l
  • Random glucose 11mmol/l
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9
Q

What are the possible complications of diabetes?

A
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Diabetic foot
  • Kidney disease
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10
Q

What is the dietary management of type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Low glycaemic, high fibre diet

* A low carbohydrate diet

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11
Q

What would you do if HbA1c stays over 58mmol/l even with medical treatment?

A

Give insulin

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12
Q

What type of drug is metformin?

A

Biguanide

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13
Q

What could metformin cause?

A

Lactic acidosis

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14
Q

What type of drug is sulfonylurea?

A

Gliclazide

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15
Q

Who shouldn’t be given sulfonylurea?

A

People with cardiovascular problems

Obese as it causes weight gain

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16
Q

What type of drug is Pioglitazone?

A

Thiazolidinedione

17
Q

Who should pioglitazone not be given to?

A

Obese as it causes weight gain
Heart failure
Fluid retention

18
Q

What type of drug is DPP-4 inhibitor?

A

Sitagliptin

19
Q

Who is Sitagliptin good to use in?

A

Obese

20
Q

What can Sitagliptin cause?

A
  • GI upset

* URTI symptoms

21
Q

What is the mechanism of SGLT-2?

A

Reabsorbing glucose from the urine into the blood

22
Q

Who is an SGLT-2 good to use in?

A

Those with a cardiovascular risk

23
Q

What can SGLT-2 cause?

A
  • Glucoseuria (glucose in the urine)

* Weight loss

24
Q

What are examples of SGLT-2 drugs?

A

Empagliflozin
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin.

Endocrine (27 decks)

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