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Immunology > Type 1 hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type 1 hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Type 1 pathologic immune mechanism

A

IgE antibody

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3
Q

Type 1 mechanism of tissue injury

A

Mast cell degeneration

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4
Q

Sequence of events in a type 1 hypersensitivity

A
  1. exposure to allergen 2. Th 2 activation and ig £ production 3. Ig£ binds to mast cell Fc receptors 4. 2nd exposure 5. Allergen binds to mast cell associated IgE 6. Signal transduction 7. Mediator release 8 end organ effects of mediator
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5
Q

Fc€RI

A

Binding of IgE to high affinity FCE receptors on mast cells

Enhances half life

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6
Q

Stimulates eosinophil growth and differentiation

A

GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5

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7
Q

Leukocyte chemotaxis

A

IL-8

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8
Q

Mild local run

A

“Wheal and flare”, nasal congestion, pruritis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma

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9
Q

Mild systemic

A

Generalized pruritis, urticaria, angiodema, vomiting, diarrhea

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10
Q

Severe anaphylaxis

A

Laryngeal edema, hypotension, schlock, bronchospasm, cardiac arrhythmia, arrest and death

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11
Q

Causes of death from allergic reactions

A

Asphyxiation from laryngeal edema, suffocation from bronchiolar constriction, or loss of adequate blood pressure from edema

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12
Q

Hyposensitization mechanisms

A
  1. Blocking antibodies, 2. Spe civic suppressor T cells, 3. Th2 to Th1 switch
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13
Q

IgE production

A

Th2 dependent.
IL-4 release from Th2 cells
Activation of IgE producing B cells

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14
Q

Mast cells

A

Reside in tissue, mononuclear, heavily granulated

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15
Q

Basophils

A

Circulating version of mast cells, poly nuclear, granulated

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16
Q

Pre-formed mediators

A

Immediate release and effect

Histamine, serotonin, ECF-A, Heparin

17
Q

Histamine

A

Pre-formed mediator; causes smooth muscle contraction or relaxation, increase vascular permeability, pruritis, and increased exocrine secretions

18
Q

Newly synthesized mediator

A

Delayed response

Arachidonic acid, leukotrienes B, C, and D, prostaglandins and thromboxanes, il-4, gm-csf, il-3, il-5, il-8

19
Q

Antihistamines

A

Compete with histamine for histamine receptor sites

20
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

Stabilizes mast cell membranes -preventing degranulation

21
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Prevent the arachidonic acid pathways

22
Q

Epinephrine

A

Reverse effects of histamine on smooth muscle constriction and relaxation in vasculature

23
Q

Omalizumab

A

Humanized anti-lgE antibody - inhibits the binding of IgE to FCERI on surface mast cells

24
Q

Singular

A

Lenkotriene receptor antagonist

25
Q

Desensitization versus immunotherapy

A

desensitization= triggering sublethal release to increase dosage without harm

Immunotherapy = introducing the immune system to the allergen over a long period of time

Immunology (10 decks)

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