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Immunology > Tolerance, Autoimmunity and Autoimmune diseases > Flashcards

Tolerance, Autoimmunity and Autoimmune diseases Flashcards

exam 4

1
Q

tolerence

A
  1. (def) the specific unresponsiveness of an individual to an antigen
  2. Specific to T cells and B cells because of antigen specific receptors
  3. also used as the process by which the body ensures that immune responses are directed against bad instead of self
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2
Q

T lymphocyte receptor

A

TCR

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3
Q

B lymphocyte receptor

A

membrane bound Ig

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4
Q

central tolerance

A

Tolerance that occurs in lymphocyte development

teaching the cells to evoke response against foreign not self

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5
Q

peripheral tolerance

A

regulation of the “escapees” of central tolerance

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6
Q

Central T cell tolerance

A

T cells whose TCR recognizes self-peptides presented in MHC molecules undergo apoptosis

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7
Q

Peripheral T cell tolerance

A
  1. (Anergy)without stimulation of B7-CD28 results in functional anergy
  2. (apoptosis)repeated stimulation causes apoptosis
  3. (suppression)inhibition by regulatory t cells by self peptide/MHC
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8
Q

sympathetic opthamia

A
  1. inflammatory lesion that appears 2 to 6 weeks after a perforating wound to a contralateral eye
  2. response to self antigens (normally hidden) due to activation of immune response in a immunological priveleged site
  3. failure of tolerance
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9
Q

molecular mimicry

A

the immune response to a pathogen or foreign antigen may cross-react with self tissues

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10
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA-B27 positive. antigens on klebsiella/bacteria cross-react with host. chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and ossification of spine

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11
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

strep disease - heart valve cross-react

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12
Q

guillian-barre syndrome

A

anti-LPS antibodies - cross react with gangliosides of motor nerve, severe paralysis

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13
Q

Heat shock proteins

A

ex:hsp60

gamma/beta TCR+ lymphocytes play a critical role in identifying/autoimmune induction

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14
Q

Autoimmune disease development factors

A
  1. genetic (HLA-B27)
  2. hormone/gender (estrogen)
  3. Immune system dysregulation (immunodeficiencies/age)
  4. environmental (diet)
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15
Q

Celiac Disease

A
  1. malnutrition, diahrrea, and abdominal pain due to inflammation - eating gluten found in wheat, barley, and rye
  2. T-cell mediated
  3. HLA-DQ
  4. IgA deficiency
  5. CD autoantibodies against transglutimate
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16
Q

Myastenia Gravis

A
  1. organ specific autoimmunity
  2. antibodies against ACh receptors at nueromuscular junctions
  3. Type 2 hypersensitivity
  4. HLA-DR3
  5. severe muscle weakness -> respiratory failure
17
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A
  1. systemic autoimmunity
  2. Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
  3. antinuclear antibodies - antibodies against double-stranded DNA
  4. HLA-DR3 or -DR2
  5. lack of C3b -> deficient in C1, C2, C4, and eventually phagocytic cells
18
Q

Scleroderma

A
  1. systemic autoimmune disease

2. nuclear antigen autoantibodies - topoisomerase-1 and RNA polymerase 1

19
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A
  1. systemic autoimmune disease
  2. destruction of exocrine glands
  3. antibodies against SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La) and M3R
20
Q

Graves disease

A
  1. antibody mediated autoimmune disease
  2. antibody against TSH
  3. HLA-DR3
21
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A
  1. t-cell mediated autoimmune disease
  2. Type IV hypersensitivity with CD4+ and CD8+
  3. epstien barr virus
  4. HLA-DR2
22
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A
  1. t-cell mediated autoimmune disease

2. CD8+ CTL

23
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A
  1. systemic autoimmune, both antibody and t cell mediated
  2. ACPAs and RF (IgM antibodies against IgG Fc portion)
  3. activate complement cascade and release chemotactic factors
24
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A
  1. antibody and t-cell mediated
  2. HLA-DR5, HLA-DR3, HLA-B8
  3. infiltrate of mononuclear cells
25
Q

Metabolic control therapy

A

organ-specific autoimmune disease treatment - putting back into the body what is being destroyed

26
Q

immunosuppressive therapy

A
  • therapy with antimitotic drugs and cyclosporine and anti-inflammatory drugs
  • do not reverse the process that initiates the disease state
27
Q

cytokine treatment

A

type of targeted treatment

Interferon beta-1a or interferon beta-1b for MS

28
Q

inhibit Th1 response

A

IL-10 and IL-4 (Th2 cytokines)

29
Q

suppressor of T lymphocyte proliferation

A

TGF-B

Immunology (10 decks)

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