Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards
What is the definition of type 1 diabetes?
A state of absolute insulin deficiency
What is the diagnostic criteria for Diabetes ( type 1 and 2)
Fasting glucose > 7mmolL
Random glucose > 11.1mmolL
plus sypmtoms
What is the percentage risk of a child having type 1 diabetes if both his parents have type 1 diabetes?
30%
What is the percentage risk of a child developing type 1 diabetes if:
(a) Their father has type 1 diabetes
(b) Their mother has type 1 diabetes
(a) father:- 8%
(b) mother:- 3%
Both:- 30%
Why are HLA genes important?
HLA genes represnt 50% of the familial risk of type 1 diabetes
What percentage of patients with susceptible HLA genes develop diabetes?
10%
What can trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes?
Viral infection
Maternal factors
Weight gain
What season do has the highest rate of new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
Winter
What is the management plan for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes?
Blood glucose and ketone monitoring
Insulin
Carbohydrate estimation + dietician contact
Check Hba1c
Annual review assessments
What would you include in the annual review assesment of a patient with type 1 diabetes?
Weight
Blood pressure
HbA1c
Renal Function
Retinal screening
Foot risk assessment
What percentage of people with cystic fibrosis will also develop diabetes?
20%
What are the two phases of insulin secretion in a normal response to a meal?
Rapid phase of preformed insulin 5-10mins
Slow phase over 1 to 2 hrs
What vessle is insulin secereted in too?
Hepatic portal vein
What is the base line rate of secretion of insulin?
0.25 to 1.5 units of insulin per hour
In a patient with diabetes under the age of 6 months what type of diabetes should you be thinking off?
Neonatal diabetes
What does LADA stand for ?
Latent onset diabetes of adulthood
LAtent Diabetes Adults
What is LADA?
Presence of elevated pancreatic auto-antibodies in patients with recently diagnosed diabetes who do not initially require insulin.
What is the usual age range for LADA?
25-40yrs
What are the three aims of insulin therapy?
Prevent hyperglycaemia
Avoid Hypoglycaemia
Reduce Chronic Complications
What is normal insulin secreted in to ?
Portal vein
Would you find Ketones in a diabetic urine?
Only in type 1 diabetes , not in type 2
What would you find in h C peptide levels of diabetic patients?
It would be low in type 1 diabetes and high in type 2 diabetics
What are the four common devices for administering insulin?
Syringe
Disposable pen
Re-usable cartridge pen
Insulin pump
What is the normal insulin secretion rate ?
Normal low basal rate with post-prandial insulin secreated post meal
