Calcium Flashcards
What horomone is required for the reabsorbtion of calcium?
Parathyroid hormone
What are the acute symptoms of hypercalcaemia?
Thirst
Dehyrdation
Confusion
Polyuria
What are the chronic symptoms of hypercalcaemia?
Myopathy
Osetopaenia
Fractures
deprssion
Hypertension
Abdominal pain :- pancreatitis , uclers and renal stones
What can cause hypercalcaemia?
Primaryh hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Thiazides
Granulomatous disease
high turnover eg pagets or bedridden
What are the three types of hyperparathyroidism?
Primary:- overactivity of parathyroid eg adenoma
Secondary:- Physiological response to low calcium
Tertiary:- Parathyroid becomes autonomous after many years of secondary hyperparathroidisim
What is osteopenia?
Low bone mass
1 -2.5 SD below adult mean
What is the bone density cut of for osteoporsis?
greater than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean
How much calcium should people with osteoporosis eat per day?
700mg of calcium
1000 mg if postmenopausal
What do bisphosphonates do ?
Antiresoptive agents
Prevent bone loss at all sites vulnerable to osteoporosis
How do bisposphonates work?
They are ingested by osteoclasts leading to cell death
What is pagets disease?
Abdnormal osteoclastic activity followed by increased osteoblastic activity
How does hypocalcaemia present?
Parasthesia
Muscle cramps
muscle weakness
What causes hypocalcaemia?
hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Chronic renal failure
How do you treat chronic hypocalcaemia?
Calcium supplements
Vitamin D supplaments
How is magnesium and calcium related?
Magnesium is required to release calcium from cells
