tyoe 1 hypersensitivity

Question 1

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Answer 1

Activation of immune system in the absence of a danger

Resulting in tissue damage, discomfort and even death

Question 2

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Answer 2

immediate HSR

Question 3

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Immune Reactant

Answer 3

IgE

Question 4

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Antigen

Answer 4

Soluble antigen

Question 5

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism

Answer 5

Mast-cell activation

Question 6

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Examples

Answer 6

allergic rhinitis, asthma, system anaphylaxis

Question 7

Allergen

Answer 7

a stimulus

Harmless environmental substance that induces an allergic response

Question 8

Anaphylaxis

Answer 8

A rapidly progressing allergic reaction, could be life-threatening

Question 9

Atopy

Answer 9

Familial predisposition

Question 10

Initiating cells

Answer 10

APC, Th0, Th2 and B cells

Question 11

Common Allergens

Answer 11

Low molecular weight proteins

Must contain peptides that bind to host MHC Class II molecules

Favor activation of IL-4 producing Th2

Question 12

IgE

Answer 12

very low serum concentrations

Fc region binds to the FcϵR on the effector cells

Question 13

Sensitization phase

Answer 13

IgE antibody bind to mast cells, basophils and eosinophils via FcϵR1

Question 14

Activation phase

Answer 14

Re-exposure to an antigen cross links cell bound IgE and activates mast cells to degranulate

Question 15

Effector phase

Answer 15

many pharmacologically active agents released by the mast cells and basophils

Question 16

Tho -> Th2

Answer 16

IL-4

Question 17

B cell -> Th2

Answer 17

IL-4

IL-13

Question 18

Th2 -> Eosinophil

Answer 18

IL-5

Question 19

recruit eosinophils to tissue of reaction

Answer 19

CCL11

Question 20

Mast cells can be activated by

Answer 20

PRR such as Toll like receptors

Fc receptor for IgA and IgG

C5a, C3a, C4a 

Chemicals (drugs) 

Stress

Question 21

inhinbits COX

Answer 21

aspirin

Question 22

Systemic anaphylaxis

Answer 22

allergens reaching the blood steam

Question 23

Inhaled antigens: Asthma

Answer 23

cute response in allergic asthma leads to Th2 mediated chronic/late inflammation of the air way

Question 24

TGF beta promotes

Answer 24

class switch to IgG/IgA

Question 25

Diagnosis of Type I HSR

Answer 25

Skin test:
Wheal and Flare Reaction

2. RAST: 
RadioAllergoSorbent Test (detects allergen specific IgE)
- no IgE = no allergy

3. Tryptase and histamine serum level:
   Anaphylaxis

Question 26

(pharmalogical treatment) Prevent IgE mediated mast cell degranulation

Answer 26

Sodium cromoglycate

Question 27

(pharmalogical treatment) Block mediators by blocking receptors

Answer 27

Anti-histamines

Question 28

(pharmalogical treatment) Reverse the action of mediators

Answer 28

Epinephrine

Question 29

(pharmalogical treatment) Anti-inflammatory agents

Answer 29

Steroids – nasal spray

Question 30

Immunological treatment

Answer 30

Desensitization

Monoclonal antibodies

Correction of Th1/Th2 balance

Question 31

Desensitization

Answer 31

Allergy shots

Correct isotype switch from IgE to IgG

Question 32

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 32

Anti IL-4, IL-13, IL-5 and IgE

Omalizumab (IgE specific)

Mepolizumab (IL-5 specific)