immunological tools

Question 1

Serology

Answer 1

detection of Ag+Ab complex

Question 2

Serological techniques

Answer 2

when pathogen cannot be cultured, or is too dangerous to culture, or takes too long to grow

Question 3

Interpretation of Serology

Answer 3

Detection of IgM:
current/recent infection

Detection of IgG: (ELISA)

• Four fold increase between acute and convalescent sera
• Above the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN)

Question 4

Cellular techniques

Answer 4

Diagnosis made at the cellular level

Lymphocyte count/function

Immunodeficiency diseases

Macrophage activity

B cell T cell activation using mitogens

Skin test

Question 5

Agglutination

Answer 5

Particulate antigen + soluble Ab

Require Optimum concentration of antigen antibody

in a test tube: semi-quantitative

on a slide: qualitative

Question 6

Precipitin Reaction

Answer 6

Soluble Ag + soluble Ab

Question 7

Labeled antibody assays

Answer 7

require monoclonal antibodies

Question 8

Complement fixation

Answer 8

uses Ab coated RBC as a probe

Question 9

Hemagglutinin

Answer 9

aggregates RBCs

Not antigen antibody reaction

Question 10

Viral Hemagglutination

Answer 10

used in virus quantification

Question 11

Agglutination Assay

Answer 11

RBCs ->
no reaction

RBCs + virus ->
Hemagglutination

RBC + virus + antibody ->
Hemagglutination inhibition

Question 12

Coombs test

Answer 12

detects antibody against RBC

Question 13

Coombs reagent

Answer 13

antihuman antibodies

Question 14

Direct Coombs test

Answer 14

Detects RBC coated with Ab

ex. Rh of newborn

Question 15

Indirect Coombs test

Answer 15

detects unbound (free)anti-RBC

ex. Rh in mother

Question 16

Ouchterlony

Answer 16

Determine relationship between different antigens

Check purity of antigen preparations

(REVIEW PIC OF TEST - SLIDE 23)

Question 17

Radial Immunoassay

Answer 17

Quantitative Assay

Ab mixed with the gel

Applications:

• Used to Quantify
• Serum immunoglobulins
• Blood clotting factors, complement components, CRP, etc
• Level of blood drug conc.

Question 18

Immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 18

Qualitative

used for a qualitative analysis of complex mixtures of antigens

Question 19

Countercurrent electrophoresis

Answer 19

only when Ag and Ab have opposite charges

Question 20

Direct Fluorescent Ab (DFA)

Answer 20

antigen in patient’s tissue sample or any antigen on a solid surface

Question 21

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA)

Answer 21

antibodies in patient’s serum

Question 22

ELISA

Answer 22

detect either antigen or antibody in an unknown sample

semi quantitative test

Question 23

Direct ELISA

Answer 23

Detects antigen

Question 24

Indirect ELISA

Answer 24

detects antibody

Question 25

Suppress immune system

Answer 25

anti TNF alpha

Question 26

Chimeric mono ab

Answer 26

Engineered to reduce their immunogenecity

Question 27

Complement Fixation Test

Answer 27

No lysis =
+ presence of ab in patient’s serum

Lysis =
Absence of ab in patient’s serum

Question 28

Candida test

Answer 28

check deficiency in CMI