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Micro 1 > Quiz 1 review > Flashcards

Quiz 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

low immunogenicity

A

Haptans
(require carrier)
ex. Penicillin

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2
Q

immunoglobin structure

A 
N-terminal = Ag binding
Fab = hypervariable
FC = complement fixation
c-terminal = constant, defines Ab
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3
Q

Papain

A

cleaves hinge region

2 Fab, 1 FC

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4
Q

Pepsin

A

cleaves N-terminal
1 Fab, fragmented FC
no immune response

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5
Q

Hinge

A

rich in Proline

flexible

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6
Q

**IgG

A 
**most common
gamma
2IgG needed for complement
*complement fixation
**PLACENTAL TRANSFER
mediates ADCC NK cell
good opsonin
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7
Q

**IgM

A 
chronic inflammation
B cell surface
complement fixation
**FIRST PRODUCED (primary infection)
no hinge
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8
Q

IgD

A

B cell surface

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9
Q

IgA

A

in secretions, blood, and lymph

  • crosses epithelium
  • TRANSFERRED IN BREAST FEEDING
  • mucosal immunity
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10
Q

IgE

A

bound to FcR
allergic reaction
increased in parasitic infection
no hinge

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11
Q

light chain

A

kappa or lambda

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12
Q

**BCR

A

CD79
IgM & IgD
**somatic hypermutation
isotype switching

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13
Q

TCR

A

CD3 & zeta
alpha/beta -> VJ
gamma/delta -> VDJ
requires CD4 & CD8

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14
Q

RAG

A

cuts
23bp or 12bp

starts rearrangement @ small pre b cell

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15
Q

**TdT

A

*@ PRO B CELL
adds P & N
VD & DJ
*heavy chain only

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16
Q

AID

A

only active B cells

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17
Q

**deficiency in AID

A 
no class switch ->
Hyper IgM
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18
Q

**B cell markers

A

CD19, CD20*

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19
Q

B cell steps

A 
Early Pro (CD19)
     - h chain : DJ
Late Pro (CD19)
     - h chain : VDJ + mu

(checkpoint: mu chain)

Large Pre (CD20)

 - l chain
 - RAG only

Small Pre (CD20)

 - l chain : kappa & lambda
 - IgM (expressed on immature b cells)
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20
Q

**T cell steps

A

committed double negative (CD2, IL-7/CD127)

double negative (IL-7, Notch1)
     - beta, gamma, delta

double positive
- alpha

  • *double positive (alpha/beta only)
    • POSITIVE SELECTION (MHC restriction)
    • MHC + TCR
  • *double positive (alpha/beta only)
    • NEGATIVE SELECTION (self-reactivity by AIRE)

single positive
- TCR + CD4 or CD8

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21
Q

somatic recombination

A

beta, gamma, delta

beta checked with pTalpha*

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22
Q

**MHC1 deficiency

A

no CD8
increased CD4
increased intracellular pathogens

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23
Q

**MHC2 deficiency

A

no CD4
increased CD8
increased extracellular pathogens

24
Q

**AIRE deficiency

A

increased autoimmune diseases of specific tissues

25
Q

hematopoiesis

A

early embryo -> yolk sac
fetus -> liver & spleen
after birth -> bone marrow

26
Q

stem cell

A

multipotent CD34

27
Q

IL-7

A

lymphoid (B, T, NK)

28
Q

*IL-3

A

myeloid (innate immunity)

29
Q

IL-11

A

platelets (thromboprotein)

30
Q

IL-5

A

eosinophils

31
Q

**spleen

A

blood borne

CYTOSOLIC PATHOGENS

32
Q

B&T cells enter via

A

HEV

33
Q

MALT entry of pathogen

A

M cell

34
Q

classical pathway

A 
third activated
requires C1 (2 IgG or 1 IgM)
activator: AG-AB complex
C3b + CR1 -> opsonization
adaptive immunity
35
Q

Lectin-Mannose Pathway

A

second activated
innate immunity
activator: MBL (MASP1 & MASP2)

36
Q

Alternative Pathway

A

first activated
innate immunity
activator: C3 hydrolysis

37
Q

*C4b + C2a

A

C3 convertase

on pathogens, not human cells

38
Q

MAC

A

requires exposed phospholipid bilayer

CD59, CD55 (DAF)

39
Q

DAF & CD59

A

stabilize complement on pathway

40
Q

**deficiency of DAF/CD59

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
lysis of RBC
DARK URINE

41
Q

Factor H & Factor I

A

inactivates C3b

42
Q

**deficiency of Factor H & Factor I

A

depletion of C ->
increased complement activation *** ->
uncontrolled infections

43
Q

anaphylatoxins

A

C3, C4, C5

inflammation

44
Q

edema

A

C2b

45
Q

MAC complex

A

C5b-9

cell lysis

46
Q

deficiency of MAC

A

Neisseria (systemic infection)

47
Q

*Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema (HAE)

A

deficiency in C1-INH
increased C2b
edema between skin and mucus membrane
**diagnosis: decreased C4

48
Q

**TLR4

A

LPS

bacteria (gram neg)

49
Q

TLR7

A

ssRNA

virus

50
Q

TLR8

A

ssRNA

virus

51
Q

TLR9

A

CpG DNA

bacteria

52
Q

*TLR3

A

dsDNA

53
Q

Extravasation (rolling, adhesion, diapedesis/migration)

A 
rolling = selectins
adhesion = integrins (LFA1/CD18)
diapedesis/migration = PECAM/CD31
54
Q

absence of CD18

A

(deficiency of LFA1)
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
poor umbilical separation

55
Q

chronic inflammation cells

A

macrophages

56
Q

Granuloma

A 
*NBT Test
no IFN-gamma
no CD40L
no NADPH oxidase
increased IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha
57
Q

systemic shock

A

mutation in TLR4 (LPS)
excessive macrophages
DIC
increased TNF-alpha

Micro 1 (15 decks)

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