Quiz 1 review

Question 1

low immunogenicity

Answer 1

Haptans
(require carrier)
ex. Penicillin

Question 2

immunoglobin structure

Answer 2

N-terminal = Ag binding
Fab = hypervariable

FC = complement fixation
c-terminal = constant, defines Ab

Question 3

Papain

Answer 3

cleaves hinge region

2 Fab, 1 FC

Question 4

Pepsin

Answer 4

cleaves N-terminal
1 Fab, fragmented FC
no immune response

Question 5

Hinge

Answer 5

rich in Proline

flexible

Question 6

**IgG

Answer 6

**most common
gamma
2IgG needed for complement
*complement fixation
**PLACENTAL TRANSFER
mediates ADCC NK cell
good opsonin

Question 7

**IgM

Answer 7

chronic inflammation
B cell surface
complement fixation
**FIRST PRODUCED (primary infection)
no hinge

Question 8

IgD

Answer 8

B cell surface

Question 9

IgA

Answer 9

in secretions, blood, and lymph

• crosses epithelium
• TRANSFERRED IN BREAST FEEDING
• mucosal immunity

Question 10

IgE

Answer 10

bound to FcR
allergic reaction
increased in parasitic infection
no hinge

Question 11

light chain

Answer 11

kappa or lambda

Question 12

**BCR

Answer 12

CD79
IgM & IgD
**somatic hypermutation
isotype switching

Question 13

TCR

Answer 13

CD3 & zeta
alpha/beta -> VJ
gamma/delta -> VDJ
requires CD4 & CD8

Question 14

RAG

Answer 14

cuts
23bp or 12bp

starts rearrangement @ small pre b cell

Question 15

**TdT

Answer 15

*@ PRO B CELL
adds P & N
VD & DJ
*heavy chain only

Question 16

AID

Answer 16

only active B cells

Question 17

**deficiency in AID

Answer 17

no class switch ->
Hyper IgM

Question 18

**B cell markers

Answer 18

CD19, CD20*

Question 19

B cell steps

Answer 19

Early Pro (CD19)
     - h chain : DJ

Late Pro (CD19)
     - h chain : VDJ + mu

(checkpoint: mu chain)

Large Pre (CD20)

 - l chain
 - RAG only

Small Pre (CD20)

 - l chain : kappa & lambda
 - IgM (expressed on immature b cells)

Question 20

**T cell steps

Answer 20

committed double negative (CD2, IL-7/CD127)

double negative (IL-7, Notch1)
     - beta, gamma, delta

double positive
- alpha

• *double positive (alpha/beta only)
  
  • POSITIVE SELECTION (MHC restriction)
  • MHC + TCR
• *double positive (alpha/beta only)
  
  • NEGATIVE SELECTION (self-reactivity by AIRE)

single positive
- TCR + CD4 or CD8

Question 21

somatic recombination

Answer 21

beta, gamma, delta

beta checked with pTalpha*

Question 22

**MHC1 deficiency

Answer 22

no CD8
increased CD4
increased intracellular pathogens

Question 23

**MHC2 deficiency

Answer 23

no CD4
increased CD8
increased extracellular pathogens

Question 24

**AIRE deficiency

Answer 24

increased autoimmune diseases of specific tissues

Question 25

hematopoiesis

Answer 25

early embryo -> yolk sac fetus -> liver & spleen after birth -> bone marrow

Question 26

stem cell

Answer 26

multipotent CD34

Question 27

IL-7

Answer 27

lymphoid (B, T, NK)

Question 28

*IL-3

Answer 28

myeloid (innate immunity)

Question 29

IL-11

Answer 29

platelets (thromboprotein)

Question 30

IL-5

Answer 30

eosinophils

Question 31

**spleen

Answer 31

blood borne | CYTOSOLIC PATHOGENS

Question 32

B&T cells enter via

Answer 32

HEV

Question 33

MALT entry of pathogen

Answer 33

M cell

Question 34

classical pathway

Answer 34

``` third activated requires C1 (2 IgG or 1 IgM) activator: AG-AB complex C3b + CR1 -> opsonization adaptive immunity ```

Question 35

Lectin-Mannose Pathway

Answer 35

second activated innate immunity activator: MBL (MASP1 & MASP2)

Question 36

Alternative Pathway

Answer 36

first activated innate immunity activator: C3 hydrolysis

Question 37

*C4b + C2a

Answer 37

C3 convertase | on pathogens, not human cells

Question 38

MAC

Answer 38

requires exposed phospholipid bilayer | CD59, CD55 (DAF)

Question 39

DAF & CD59

Answer 39

stabilize complement on pathway

Question 40

**deficiency of DAF/CD59

Answer 40

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria lysis of RBC DARK URINE

Question 41

Factor H & Factor I

Answer 41

inactivates C3b

Question 42

**deficiency of Factor H & Factor I

Answer 42

depletion of C -> increased complement activation *** -> uncontrolled infections

Question 43

anaphylatoxins

Answer 43

C3, C4, C5 | inflammation

Question 44

edema

Answer 44

C2b

Question 45

MAC complex

Answer 45

C5b-9 | cell lysis

Question 46

deficiency of MAC

Answer 46

Neisseria (systemic infection)

Question 47

*Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema (HAE)

Answer 47

deficiency in C1-INH increased C2b edema between skin and mucus membrane **diagnosis: decreased C4

Question 48

**TLR4

Answer 48

LPS | bacteria (gram neg)

Question 49

TLR7

Answer 49

ssRNA | virus

Question 50

TLR8

Answer 50

ssRNA | virus

Question 51

TLR9

Answer 51

CpG DNA | bacteria

Question 52

*TLR3

Answer 52

dsDNA

Question 53

Extravasation (rolling, adhesion, diapedesis/migration)

Answer 53

``` rolling = selectins adhesion = integrins (LFA1/CD18) diapedesis/migration = PECAM/CD31 ```

Question 54

absence of CD18

Answer 54

(deficiency of LFA1) Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency poor umbilical separation

Question 55

chronic inflammation cells

Answer 55

macrophages

Question 56

Granuloma

Answer 56

``` *NBT Test no IFN-gamma no CD40L no NADPH oxidase increased IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha ```

Question 57

systemic shock

Answer 57

mutation in TLR4 (LPS) excessive macrophages DIC increased TNF-alpha