Tutoring - Chem/Phys Flashcards
Sqrt 2
1.4
Sqrt 3
1.7
Sin 30
= Sqrt (1) / 2
= Cos 60
Sin 45
= Sqrt (2) /2
= Cos 45
Sin 60
= Sqrt (3) / 2
= Cos 30
Log 0.01
-2
Log 0.10
-1
Log 1.0
0
Log 10
1
Log 100
2
Ex:
Log 70
~ 1.7
How do you draw vectors?
Tip to Tail
Distance
Scalar
How much ground and object has covered during its motion
Displacement
Vector
How far out of place an object is
Change in overall position
Speed
Magnitude (no direction) —> Scalar
Velocity
With direction
Change in displacement over time
(m/s)
Acceleration
Change in velocity over time
m/s^2
STP
0˚C = 273K
1 atm
Standard (Lab) Conditions
25˚C = 298K
1 atm
Human Body Temp
37˚C = 310K
Fahrenheit to Celcius
(˚C x 1.8) + 32 = ˚F
1 mol of Gas @ STP
= 22.4 L of volume
Venturi Effect
Larger Radius to Smaller Radius —> Decrease in Pressure
Increase in Flow Rate
Balancing Redox Reactions
- Split into UNbalanced 1/2 reactions
- Make sure all NON-oxygen and hydrogen atoms are balanced
- Our method to add more oxygens is to add ENTIRE water molecules. Then add your hydrogens on the other side
- Balance electrons
- Cancel out your electrons to get your final answer
Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Gas particle size is negligible
- Random motion w/ elastic collisions
- Straight line motion in ALL directions, different speeds
- Forces between gas particles are negligible
- Average kinetic energy is proportional to temperature
Heat
Transfer of energy between 2 things
Temperature
Average Kinetic Energy
Graham’s Law of Effusion
“Fat kid runs slow”
Heavy molecule —> slow speed
Phase Diagrams
Holding temperature constant, increasing pressure —> phase change
The temperature and pressure at which a substance is a S, L or G
Phase Diagram of Hydrogen
Line tilts to the left (negative slope)
Colligative Properties
Depends on the # of solute particles (not inherent nature
- BP elevation
- Freezing point depression
- Vapor Pressure lowing
- Osmotic pressure —> pressure required to STOP the process of osmosis
Mole Fraction
Moles of solute / TOTAL moles of solution
Molarity
Moles of solute / LITERS of solution
Molality
Moles of solute / KG of SOLVENT
+Q
Heat absorbed by the system
-Q
Heat released by the system
+w
Work done on the system
-w
Word done by the system
Delta G
- delta G = Exergonic = spontaneous
0 delta G = at equilibrium = no net RXN = no net transfer of energy
+ delta G = Endergonic
Exergonic Rxns = - delta G
At ALL temp: - H , +S
At LOW temp: - H , - S
At HIGH temp: +H, +S
Endergonic Rxns = +delta G
At ALL temp: +H, -S
Gibbs Free Energy Equation
Delta G = Delta H - (Temp * Delta S)
Specific Gravity
= Ratio of object’s density to water’s density
Pressure
= Force over Area = F/A
= (N/m^2) = Pascal
Archimedes principle
= upward buoyant force of fluid on an object is fluid density * volume of displaced fluid * gravity = buoyant force
Pressure is greater at P2 than P1 because more fluid is pressing down
P2 = P1 + pgh
- Vertical height difference
- Same height = same pressure
- Pressure same in all directions
All lines originating at P1 have the same pressure (because they are originating at the same point)
Incompressible fluids
f1 = f2 f= Av
Viscosity
= thick / sticky
Smooth flow
= streamline or laminar flow
Bernoulli’s Equation for Laminar flow
Conditions Required:
•Laminar flow / smooth/ streamline (H2O/blood)
•Negligible viscosity
•Steady flow rate
•Incompressible fluids (usually just liquids)
P1 + 1/2pv^2 + pgh = P2 + 1/2 pv^2 +pgh
V efflux
= sqrt (2 g D)
- velocity, not flow rate
- Cylinder with hole
Flow rate
= A • v
= Pi(r)^2 • v
