Tut's Sarcophagi Flashcards
The river supported which aspect of Egyptian culture?
Their agricultural production
Ancient Egyptian society was dependent on….?
The Nile River
What was at the foundation of the Egyptians religious beliefs?
The fact that the Pharaoh served as a mediator between the mortals and the gods
The pharaoh was seen as a human embodiment of what?
The gods
Once a pharaoh died it was believed he would become a ….
God
What are the dates used to classify Egyptian Art?
3150-1000 BCE
Most Egyptian art was focused on
Religious practices
The following were constructed for their religion:
Tombs, temples, and sanctuaries
What are these religious items made out of? (Temples, sanctuaries, etc.)
Durable stone that can withstand the test of time
The fact that Egyptian tombs and religious objects were made out of more durable material suggests that…..?
The Egyptians put a greater stress on their religion and their pass to the afterlife
Most of what we know about Egyptian Society comes from:
Tombs and tomb decorations
Which statue of Tutankhamun was found at the entrance to his tomb?
His ‘ka’ statue
Under which pharaoh did Egyptian art change radically?
Akhenaton
In their religious system the Egyptians did not distinguish between:
Body and soul
When do you receive your ‘ka’ or parallel self?
At birth
What was buried with the Egyptian dead?
All of the items they would need, including food, clothing, as well as servants (in the form of small statues), and treasures if the dead is a person of high social status like a pharaoh or a priest
What did the Egyptians do to preserve the physical appearance of a body for the afterlife?
An elaborate mummification process
What were the major phases of Egyptian Art?
Early Dynastic Period, the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
During what years was the Early Dynastic Period of Egyptian Art?
3150-2575 BCE
During what years was the Old Kingdom of Egyptian Art?
2575-2134 BCE
During what years was the Middle Kingdom of Egyptian Art?
2040-1640 BCE
During what years was the New Kingdom of Egyptian Art?
1550-1070 BCE
During what years was the pharaoh Akhenaton in rule?
1353-35 BCE
What God did Akhenaton’s converted religion honor?
Aton
In which aspect of art was changed during Akhenaton’s rule?
In the area of figurative sculpture
Images and sculptures of Akhenaton are more…
Relaxed and Realistic, rather than stiff and powerful like other statues
Akhenaton’s religion put emphasis on ________ rather than ________.
This world; the afterlife
An interest in ______ may be seen because of Akhenaton’s personal religious focus
Naturalism
Who or what can be mummified?
Members of nobility, court officials, and some commoners, as well as animals of religious significance like a bull, crocodile, or cat
The process was ______ and most often reserved for the _________.
Expensive; pharaoh
The information we know about the Egyptian mummification process comes from….
Tomb wall paintings and relief sculptures
Since opening the wrappings of a mummy destroyed the bodies, what technology do we use now to uncover the bodies inside of the wrappings?
CAT scans (Computer Axial Tomography)
The Egyptian mummification process was developed in the _________ dynasty.
Fourth dynasty
How long did the mummification process take to complete?
Seventy days
After the body was ritually cleaned and cut on the left side of the torso which organs were removed from the body?
Lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines
Natron, the substance that organs are packed in after being washed, was made of what?
It is a salt compound
How was the brain extracted?
A long hook through the nostril and was then discarded
Where did the center of human intelligence rest?
The heart
How long was the body left to dry in a natron compound?
40 days
Where did we put the organs after the dehydration process?
Canonic jars, or back in the body
What was the body filled with to maintain it’s shape?
Linen wrappings, leaves, and sawdust
When was King Tut’s tomb discovered?
1922
How was Tut’s tomb unique compared to others?
The riches it contained, it hadn’t been pillaged
Where was Tutankhamun buried?
Valley of the Kings
Who was behind the discovery of Tut’s tomb?
Howard Carter
During what time frame was the Valley of the Kings the main burial ground?
Sixteenth through Eleventh centuries BCE
Who sponsored an original pre-excavation of Tut’s tomb?
Theodore Davis
What seals were on the door before the tomb?
The royal necropolis
What day of the year in 1922 was the tomb opened?
November 26
What were the names of the four chambers of the tomb?
Antechamber, annex, burial chamber, and treasury
Which factor of the tomb suggested that Tutankhamun had died at an early age?
The small spaces in the tomb suggested a lack of preparation.
What were the measures of the shrine guarding the burial chamber?
Seventeen feet wide, eleven feet deep, and nine feet high
What are the measures of the innermost coffin?
Six feet, one inch long
What is the overwhelming visual characteristic of the coffin?
Opulence
Tutankhamun is presented as which of the Egyptian Gods?
Osiris
Which of the symbols of Egyptian Kingship, which were adopted in the old kingdom period, were represented on Tutankhamun’s sarcophagus?
Ceremonial beard, and folded linen headress
Which items held by Tutankhamun were used to symbolize two means of control used by the pharaoh to lead his people?
Crook and Flail
During which dynasty was Tutankhamun made pharaoh?
The eighteenth dynasty
With further investigation what do we now believe killed King Tut?
He had broken his leg and it was becoming infected, and we also discovered he had malaria
