Music Timeline Flashcards by Carleigh J

Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, making Christianity legal and giving the church the right to own property

313

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Emporer Constantine sees a cross burning in the sky and has his entire household baptized

312

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Emperor Theodosius I makes Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire

380

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Boethius writes De Institutione Musica (On the organization of music) and St. Benedict of Nursia crafts the Rule of St. Benedict guidelines for his monks

Early sixth century

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Pope Gregory I begins his reign in Rome; he is eventually recognized as the supreme pope

590

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Charlemagne decrees that monasteries should teach singing (along with arithmetic and grammar)

789

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Charlemagne is crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor

800

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Scribes begin using neumes, the first notation symbols. Composers start devising organum.

Early Ninth Century

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Guido of Arezzo introduced staff lines and solmization syllables

Early Eleventh Century

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Guido writes the Micrologus (Little Treatise), the first technical manual for music theory

1028

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A system for rhythmic notion begins to develop

Twelfth Century

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Richard the Lion-Hearted composes the chanson “Ja nus hons pris” while imprisoned

1193

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“Dies Irae” is composed

Thirteenth Century

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“Summer Is Icumen In” is composed

1250

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Mensural notation (employing varied note shapes and the ancestors of time signatures) is introduced

Fourteenth century

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The spirit of humanism fosters exploration and experimentation

Fourteenth - Fifteenth century

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Columbus sails the ocean blue (Columbus sails to the New World)

1492

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Ottaviano Petrucci publishes the first printed music collection using movable type

1501

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Martin Luther criticizes the Catholic Church publicly, eventually leading to the reformation

1517

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The Council of Trent begins, one of the reforms described as the Counter-Reformation

1545

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Jacobus de Kerle’s ‘Preces Speciales’ (“Special Prayers”) convinces the Council of Trent not to abolish polyphony in Church Services

1562

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Maddalena Casulana is the first woman to publish a book of Madrigals

1568

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Palestrina composes the first of his Missa L’homme Armé settings

1570

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The Florentine Camerata begins to meet

1573

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The Duke of Ferrara hosts a fine trio of professional female singers known as the Concerto Delle Donne

1575

Jacopo Corsi and Jacopo Peri compose the first opera, Dafne

1594

Giovanni Gabrieli's Sonata Pian e Forte includes dynamic indications

1597

Marenzio composes the madrigal "Solo e Pensoso"

1599

A Florentine Camerata member, Giulio Caccini, publishes Le Nouve Musiche ("The New Music"), demonstrating the new monodic singing style

1602

Monteverdi composes the first operatic masterpiece, L'Orfeo

1607

The Thirty Years' War begins

1618

The first public opera house opens in Venice

1637

The Bay Pslam Book is the first publication in the New England colonies

1640

Monteverdi composes L'incoronazione Di Poppea for a Venetian public opera house

1642

A Venetian guidebook lists Vivaldi as a tourist attraction

1706

Vivaldi publishes The Four Seasons

1725

The Academy of Ancient Music begins giving concerts in London

1726

Johann Stamitz takes charge of the Mannheim orchestra, the most celebrated ensemble in Europe

1745

Equal temperament becomes the norm, and Enlightenment thinking spreads through Europe (and the northern colonies in America)

1750

Johan Mainwaring publishes the first separate biography of a composer (Handel)

1760

Johan Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel begin their subscription concerts in London

1765

J. C. Bach gives the first public performance on a solo piano

1768

Charles Burney publishes volume one of his history of music

1776

Haydn publishes his Op. 33 string quartets, written in a "new, special way"

1781

Mozart composes his Piano Sonata No. 11 in A Major

1783

Over four hundred performers contribute to a Handel Commemoration Concert in London

1784

Haydn comes to London for the first time as the composer for the Salomon concerts; he writes Symphony No. 94 in G Major ("surprise")

1791

A music conservatory is established in Bologna, Italy

1804

The London Philharmonic orchestra is founded

1813

Schubert writes the Lied "Erlkönig"

1815

Pianist John Field introduces the "nocturne" as a type of character piece

1821

Felix Mendelssohn conducts J. S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion, launching the Bach Revival

1829

Berlioz presents his Symphonie Fantastique

1830

Robert Schumann publishes Carnaval, a piano miniature cycle

1837

Franz Liszt uses the term "recital" to describe a solo performance

1840

Berlioz publishes an influential orchestration treatise

1843

Adolphe Saxe patents the saxophone

1846

The first American music conservatory, the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore is founded

1857

Claude Monet exhibits his painting 'Impression: Soleil Levant' (Impression: Sunrise)

1874

Thomas Edison invents the phonograph

1877

The University of Michigan establishes the first School of Music in the United States

1880

Edvard Munch paints his expressionistic The Scream. The World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago introduces millions of visitors to ragtime

1893

Debussy's impressionistic orchestral piece Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun premieres

1894

Tom Turpin is the first African-American composer to publish a rag

1897

Scott Joplin publishes his first rags, "Oriental Rag" and "Maple Leaf Rag"

1899

Radio transmits speech for the first time

1900

Alessando Moreschi, the last castrato singer, records several pieces

1902

Charles Ives composes the experimental piece The Unanswered Question. "Take Me Out To The Ballgame" is one of Tin Pan Alley's most successful popular songs

1908

Performances of New York's Metropolitan Opera comprise the first public radio broadcasts

1910

Schoenberg finishes his Expressionist song cycle Pierrot Lunaire

1912

The Berlin Philharmonic records the complete fifth symphony by Beethoven (requiring eight discs bound as an 'album'). Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring sparks a riot among its Parisian audience

1913

The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) is formed to collect royalties from performances

1914

Ives's song The Things Our Fathers Loved illustrates collage technique. Henry Cowell's The Tides of Manaunaun makes use of tone clusters. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band so the first group to record a jazz number, the Livery Stable Blues

1917

Stravinsky writes Ragtime for Eleven Instruments

1918

Leon Theremin introduces the eerie electronic instrument bearing his name

1920

Schoenberg completes Piano Suite, Op. 25, the first multi-movement work to use his new twelve-tone method. Bessie Smith's first recording for Columbia, "Down Hearted Blues", puts the company's books back in the black

1923

Cowell performs the string piano work The Banshee

1925

Bessie Smith, Joe Smith, and Fletcher Henderson record "Lost Your Head Blues"

1926

The Jazz Singer is the first feature film to contain spoken dialogue

1927

George Gershwin writes Broadway musical Girl Crazy, including the hit song "I Got Rhythm"

1930

Edgard Varèse composes Ionisation, the first piece to feature only percussion instruments

1931

Berlin and London present public television broadcasts

1936

John Cage devises the first prepared piano work, published two years later as Bacchanale

1938

Glenn Miller releases what will be his big-band theme song, "Moonlight Serenade"

1939

Stan Kenton's "Artistry in Rhythm" illustrates progressive jazz

1943

Gillespie and Parker record the bebop number "Shaw 'Nuff"

1945

Billboard Magazine introduces the classification"rhythm and blues"

1949

Symphonie Pour un Homme Seule (symphony for one man alone)- the first major musique concrète composition- is broadcast on the radio

1950

Cage's 4'33" challenges the boundaries of what constitutes music

1952

"Minor Intrusion", by Charlie Mingus, demonstrates the Jazz/classical mix called "third stream" jazz. Bill Haley and the Comets record the rock-and-roll hit "Rock Around the Clock"

1954

Le Caine creates Dripsody

1955

Elvis Presley sings on the Ed Sullivan show, viewed by 33% of the American population. His rockabilly hit "Hound Dog" begins to sell three million copies. The Forbidden Planet is the first film with a solely electronic soundtrack

1956

The Illiac Suite is the first computer-generated composition

1957

The Dave Brubeck Quartet records "Take Five" one of the most popular cool jazz numbers. John Coltrane releases the hard bop piece "Giant Steps" while Miles Davis demonstrates modal jazz in "So What"

1959

The Shirelles "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?" (In 32-bar form) is the first song by an all-girl group to reach Number 1 on the Billboard "Hot 100" listing. Ornette Coleman breaks jazz boundaries with "Free Jazz"

1960

Hits such as "The Girl from Ipanema" popularizes bossa nova jazz. The Four Seasons "Sherry" is the Number One pop rock hit

1962

Cassette tapes are introduced

1963

Terry Riley composes the popular minimalist work In C.

1964

"In the midnight hour" illustrates Memphis Soul. Bob Dylan shocks folk audiences by bringing an electric guitar on stage. The Byrds record the folk-rock hit "Mr. Tambourine Man"

1965

Frank Zappa explores art rock in his album Freak Out!

1966

Jefferson Airplane's recording of "White Rabbit" is an acid rock hit in the Phrygian mode

1967

Annea Lockwood oversees the first performance of "Piano Burning". Steppenwolf's "Born to be Wild" is released, and a lyric from the song may have given heavy metal rock its label

1968

Punk rock and disco both gain national attention, and "The Hustle" climbs to Number One

1975

Hard rock tunes like Boston's "More Than a Feeling" climb the charts

1976

The success of "Rapper's Delight" pulls both hip hop and rap into the mainstream

1979

Michael Jackson records the album Thriller

1982

Compact discs become commercially available

1983

Miles Davis illustrates the Jazz/Rock mixture of fusion in "You're Under Arrest"

1985

Paul Simon's Graceland album mixes pop, rock, and world music

1986

DVDs are introduced

1997

Blu-Ray discs reach the market

2006