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Tuscany (IT) Flashcards

1
Q

In which year the first DOC were awarded?

A

1966

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2
Q

Which wines got granted DOC status in Italy in 1966?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano. (1st one)
Ischia.
Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone.
Frascati.

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3
Q

Is the majority of the Tuscany wine production at DOC status?

A

Yes, 60%

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4
Q

What’s the climate in Tuscany?

A

Mediterranean

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5
Q

What’s the majority of the plantings in Tuscany? White or Red?

A

85% Red

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6
Q

What are the main grapes of Tuscany?

A

Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Colorino, Cab Sav, Merlot, Syrah

Chardonnay, Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia

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7
Q

How many DOCG in Tuscany?

Name them

A 
11
Vernaccia di San Gimignano;
Aleatico Passito dell’Elba;
Brunello di Montalcino;
Carmignano;
Chianti Classico;
Chianti;
Montecucco Sangiovese;
Morellino di Scansano;
Val di Cornia Rosso;
Suvereto;
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano;
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8
Q

In which year DOCG were granted first?

A

1980

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9
Q

Which wines received DOCG first in 1980?

A

Brunello di Montalcino.
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
Barolo (all 3 in July)
in October Barbaresco too

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10
Q

What’s the soil in the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

Volcanic Sandstone

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11
Q

What’s the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG based on? Are white grapes allowed?

A

Prugnolo Gentile, min 70%

Up to 5% W (eg: Malvasia Bianca)

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12
Q

What styles of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG are allowed?
Which ABV?

A

Normale 12.5%

Riserva 13%

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13
Q

What are the agings for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG ?

A

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano: Minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest
(Min. 12 mth in wood and 6 mth in bottle)

Riserva: Minimum 3 years aging, including at least 6 months in bottle, from January 1 of the year following the harvest

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14
Q

Carmignano DOCG? What’s the maximum elevation for the vineyards?

A

400m

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15
Q

What is Carmignano DOCG based on?

A

Sangiovese, Min 50%

+ 10-20% CF, CS plus others

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16
Q

What are the main grapes of Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG?

A

Vernaccia

max 15% of other non aromatic white grapes

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17
Q

How many white wine DOCG in Tuscany?

A

1) Vernaccia di San Gimignano

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18
Q

In which year the Gran Duca Cosimo III de’ Medici delimited the Chianti Classico Zone?

A

In 1716, with Radda, Gaiole, Castellina in Chianti, Greve

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19
Q

In which year the Chianti subzones were delimited?

were them the same as today?

A

In 1932.
7 areas delimited.

  • Montespertoli subzone was added in 1997
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20
Q

In which year Chianti was granted DOCG?

A

1984

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21
Q

In which year Chianti Classico was elected as its own DOCG?

A

1996

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22
Q

Who created the Chianti Formula?

A

in 1872 the Barone Bettino Ricasoli

White grapes were added to the wine

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23
Q

In which provinces is Chianti Classico?

A

Firenze and Siena

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24
Q

How many communes are in Chianti Classico?

A

9
5 in the Siena province
4 in the Firenza province

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25
Name the communes of Chianti Classico | N to S
San Casciano val di Pesa, Greve in Chianti, Tavernelle val di Pesa, Barberino Val d'Elsa, Poggibonsi, Castellina in Chianti, Radda, Gaiole, Castelnuovo Berardenga
26
Which communes of Chianti Classico are part of the Siena province?
Poggibonsi, Castellina in Chianti, Radda, Gaiole, Castelnuovo Berardenga
27
Which communes of Chianti Classico are part of the Firenze province?
San Casciano Val di Pesa, Greve in Chianti, Tavernelle VDP, Barberino Val d'Elsa
28
What are the soil of Chianti Classico?
Galestro: Soft, friable, Marl | and Alberese: Sandstone
29
What's the soil of San Casciano Val di Pesa?
It's Alberese
30
Where is the Cosorzio del Chianti. Classico based?
In San Casiano Val di Pesa
31
Name 2 producers based in San Casciano
Antinori(Santa Cristina Estate) | Borghetto, Montesecondo
32
What's the soil in Greve in Chianti?
Galestro
33
Can you name 2 frazioni in Greve in C?
Montefioralle, Ruffoli, Lamole, Panzano (Conca d'Oro)
34
Name 2 iconic producers based in Greve
Fontodi, Querciabella, Poggio Scalette, Castello dei Rampolla
35
Name an iconic producer based in Tavernelle
Antinori (badia a passignano)
36
Where are Isole e Olena and Castello di Monsanto based?
In Barberino Val d'Elsa
37
Where is Montevertine based?
In Radda
38
Where is Barone Ricasoli, Castello di Ama and Sangiusto a Retennano based?
Based in Gaiole
39
Where is Felsina based?
In Castelnuovo Berardenga
40
Where is Fontodi based? Can you name the frazione?
Based in Greve, in the Conca d'Oro , south of Panzano
41
What are the province of Chianti DOCG?6
Firenze Siena Arezzo | Prato, Pisa, Pistoia
42
In which year Chianti was elevated to DOCG?
1984
43
Which styles are allowed in Chianti DOCG?
Chianti, Chianti Riserva, Chianti Superiore, Chianti with subzone
44
Which styles are allowed in Chianti Classico DOCG?
Chianti Classico, CC Riserva, and CC Gran Selezione
45
In which year was the Gran Selezione for CC approved?
The new category was approved in 2014 for wines beginning with the 2010 vintage, though wines from an earlier vintage can apply for this recognition pending they can provide documentation that demonstrates all requirements have been met.
46
How many subzones in Chianti DOCG? | name them
``` 7 ( used to be 8 until 1996) Rufina, Colli Fiorentini, Montespertoli -> Firenze Montalbano -> Prato, Pistoia, Firenze C Colli Senesi ->Siena C Colline Pisane -> Pisa C Colli Aretini-> Arezzo ```
47
What's the assemblage in Chianti DOCG? | Which is the exception?
70-100 % Sangiovese Maximum 30% combined other grapes authorized for Toscana Maximum 10% white grapes Maximum 15% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc Chianti Colli Senesi: 75-100% Sangiovese Maximum 25% combined other red grapes authorized for Toscana Maximum 10% combined Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia del Chianti until 2015 vintage Maximum 10% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc
48
What's the assemblage for Chianti Classico DOCG?
80-100% Sangiovese Maximum 20% other red grapes authorized by Siena and Firenze (i.e. Colorino, Canaiolo Nero, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot) * As of the 2006 vintage, Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianco are no longer allowed
49
Until which year Chianti Classico was a mandatory blend?
Until 1995
50
What's the min ABV for Chianti DOCG?
Chianti 11.5% Chianti Riserva 12% Chianti and Riserva W Subzone 11.5% to 13% (13% only for Colli Senesi Riserva)
51
Is the Governo practice allowed in Chianti DOCG?
Yes, but it must be noted on the label
52
What is the Governo practice?
Governo is a winemaking technique reportedly invented in Tuscany in the 14th century to help complete fermentation and stabilize the wine. The technique involves saving a batch of harvested grapes and allowing them to partially dry. If fermentation of the main batch starts too slow or appears to be nearing stuck fermentation, the half dried grapes are added to the must which then gives the yeast cells a new source of sugar to enliven the batch. From there, the must can be fermented dry or stopped with the wine having a higher level of residual sugar. The process was widely used in the Chianti zones until the advent of temperature controlled fermentation tanks.
53
What's the min ABV for Chianti Classico DOCG?
C Classico 12% C C Riserva 12.5% Gran Selezione 13%
54
What are the aging requirement for Chianti DOCG?
`Chianti can be released from 1/3 Montespertoli 1/6 Fiorentini, Rufina 1/9
55
What are the aging requirement for Chianti Superiore DOCG?
Superiore can be released from | 1/9
56
What are the aging requirement for Chianti Riserva DOCG?
Riserva can be released after 2yrs (3 mth bottle) (from1/1) Riserva Fiorentini and Rufina 2yrs (min 6mth wood) Riserva Senesi 2yrs (8 mth wood + 4 mth bottle)
57
What are the aging requirement for Chianti Classico DOCG?
It can be released after 1/10
58
What are the aging requirement for Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG?
2 yrs (3 mth bottle) from 1/1
59
What are the aging requirement for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG? What is the condition?
30mth (3mth bottle) * Wine must be produced by estate fruit
60
What's the planting density in Chianti and Chianti Classico?
4000 Vines/ Ha in Chianti | 3.350 Vines/Ha in CC
61
Which Chianti Subzone is regarded as the most consistent in Quality?
Rufina
62
What is Clemente Santi renew for?
He Isolated the Brunello clone, which he bottled alone in 1865.
63
Why did he bottle the Brunello clone alone?
Clemente Santi was aiming to create a varietal wine able to age
64
Did Clemente released his Brunello?
No, he didn't. | His grandson Ferruccio did release the 1888 after aging it for over a decade in large barrels
65
Which vintages of Brunello Biondi Santi were released up to 1945?
Only 4 | 1888, 1891, 1925, 1945
66
Was brunello a regarded wine after WWII?
It had an established reputation for rare fine wine.
67
How many Brunello producers there were in the 1960?
11 | Until 1945 Biondi Santi was the only one
68
In which year the Brunello di Montalcino DOC was awarded?
1968
69
Which producer made the Brunello di Montalcino internationally famous?
Banfi. It arrived in the late 1970s It's an American Company
70
In which year Brunello di Montalcino became DOCG?
1980
71
What happened in 2008 in Montalcino?
The Brunello Gate *Ziliani and Suckling reported that an investigation had begun into allegations that some Brunello producers had secretly and illegally added other types of grapes into what are by law wines made only from Sangiovese, allegedly to inflate production and increase profit on this typically expensive product.
72
What's the Climate of Montalcino?
Montalcino is the warmest and driest region in Tuscany. | The climate is mitigated by a cool maritime breeze
73
Where is Monte Amiata?
In the SE corner of Montalcino
74
What's the soil in Montalcino?
Very Diversified: * Clay and marine sediments at lower elevation * galestro at higher elevation * Limestone, Schist, Volcanic
75
Can you name 2 Frazioni of Montalcino?How many there are?
7 total the main ones are: Sant'Angelo in Colle, Castelnuovo Abate, Torrenieri, Tavernelle
76
Which styles are allowed for Brunello DOCG? | What's the ABV Min?
Brunello Riserva Vigna 12.5% for all
77
Is any other grape allowed for Brunello di Montalcino but Sangiovese ?
No, 100% Sangiovese
78
Aging requirements for Brunello?
2 yrs W + 4 m B may not be sold before 1/1 of 5th year 5yr (2yrs wood + 4 mth bottle)
79
Aging requirements for Brunello Riserva?
6yr (2yrs wood + 6 mth bottle) 2 yrs W + 6 m B may not be sold before 1/1 of 6th year
80
What bottle must be used to bottle Brunello?
It must be bottle in a Bordelaise bottle with a cork
81
What are the Yielding requirement in Brunello?
8T/ha ->54.4 | 7T/ha -> 47.6 (Vigna)
82
In which year was the Rosso di Montalcino DOC created?
in 1983
83
Which styles are allowed in the Rosso di Montalcino DOC?
Rosso and Rosso Vigna
84
What's the min ABV in Rosso di Montalcino DOC? | Is there any other variety allowed?
12% | no, 100% Sangiovese
85
What's the aging requirement for Rosso di Montalcino?
1 yr (from Sept 1) no cask required
86
What is the Sant Antimo DOC for?
It's the DOC used for international varieties in Montalcino. The outlet for Super Tuscans in Montalcino
87
What is the Moscadell di Montalcino DOC for?
Still, Spk, Late Harvest | min 85% Moscato Bianco
88
Name 3 iconic Brunello producers
Val di Cava, Biondi Santi, Poggio di Sotto, Mastrojanni, Casanova di Neri, Uccelliera, Talenti
89
Where and when the Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta planted CS for a house wine?
In Bolgheri in 1942 | on the 'San Guido Estate'
90
First Sassicaia vintage? What oak was used?
1968 | Barrique aged CS blend
91
First vintage of Tignanello? What's the main grape?
1971 (Antinori) | Sang 85% ( barrique aged)
92
After Sassicaia and Tignanello, which other Supertuscans are considered to be the first?
Solaia, Ornellaia, Masseto, Paleo Rosso
93
Which other 100% Sangiovese Supertuscans followed?
San Felice Vigorello(no more sang) | Montevertine, Pergole Torte, Cepparello,
94
Under which appellation were those wines released?
As Vino da Tavola
95
In which year IGT was created? What was one of the main reason for its creation?
1992, One of the main motivator was the dissatisfaction with the DOC system
96
In Which year the Bolgheri DOC was created? | What was it for?
1983 | Bolgheri DOC was only for Rosato and white
97
In which year the Bolgheri DOC included Reds?
1994
98
What was recognised to Sassicaia in 1994?
Sassicaia was recognized as a subzone to Bolgheri
99
In which year the subzone Sassicaia was granted his own DOC?
2013
100
What is the assemblage for Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?
Min. 80% Cabernet Sauvignon, max. 20% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Tuscany
101
What's the aging requirement for Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?
2 yrs (18mth wood, 225 l Barrique)
102
What's so unique about Bolgheri Sasssicaia DOC?
It's the only true Monopole DOC in Italy
103
Can you name 3 iconic producers in the area of Bolgheri?
Le Macchiole, Banfi, Ornellaia, Grattamacco, Ca' Marcanda, Guado al Tasso
104
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOC. Where is it?
It's in the south east of Bolgheri. Suvereto is located within it
105
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG, what's the assemblage?
min 40% Sangiovese, max 60% Cab/ Merlot, | Max 20% others
106
Suvereto DOCG. What's the assemblage?
``` Red only Suvereto Rosso (and Rosso Riserva) Suvereto Sangiovese (and Riserva) Suvereto Merlot (and Riserva) Suvereto Cabernet Sauvignon (and Riserva) ``` Suvereto Rosso: Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Merlot, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana Varietal-Labeled Wines: Min. 85% of stated variety, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
107
Suvereto used to be a subzone of which appellation?
It used to be a named subzone of the Val di Cornia DOC
108
What is Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG based on? | What's the min ABV?
min 90% Sangiovese R 13% R Riserva 13.5%
109
What is Morellino di Scansano DOCG based on?
Min 85% Morellino (Sangiovese)
110
In which year the first vintage of Sassicaia was released?
1971 (1968 vintage)
111
Who is the iconic oenologist considered to be the father of many Supertuscans?
Giacomo Tachis
112
Where did Giacomo Tachis worked for almost 32 years?
Antinori
113
Which iconic wines are considered of being fathered by Giacomo Tachis?
Sassicaia, Solaia and Tignanello, San Leonardo and Turriga
114
In which year was Sassicaia not produced?
1969 and 1973
115
Who founded Ornellaia?
Ludovico Antinori
116
Which internationally acclaimed winemaker helped Ludovico Antinori with Ornellaia?
André Tchelistcheff
117
Which influential wine-person partly owned Ornellaia for few years in the early 2000?
Robert Mondavi
118
What is the only DOCG for sweet wines only in Tuscany?
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG
119
What's the cepage of Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?
100% Aleatico. | It's a sweet red Passito
120
To which grape variety is the Aleatico associated to?
Aleatico is genetically linked to Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains. Possibly, it's a red skinned mutation
121
What is Vin Santo?
It's a high alcohol, almond honeyed dried grapevine produced from Trebbiano and Malvasia. Grechetto is sometimes authorised too.
122
What is the Occhio di Pernice?
Is the Rosé version of it with minimum 50% Sangiovese plus white grapes
123
What are the Caratelli barrels? What's the size?
Chestnut wood barrels (usually) of. 50 L | Used for the aging of Vin Santo
124
How long does Vin Santo age for in the Caratelli barrels?
Usually, 3 to 8 years
125
What is the result Vin Santo style?
Vin Santo can be sweet or dry depending on the appassimento. It can also be fortified. If so, Liquoroso
126
Are the Caratelli barrels regularly topped up?
They are never topped up
127
Name the 4 DOC for Vin Santo in Tuscany?
Vin Santo del Chianti DOC Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
128
Name 3 other Tuscany DOC that allow Vin Santo as a style
``` Elba DOC Maremma Toscana DOC Montecucco DOC Orcia DOC Pomino DOC S. Gimignano DOC ```
129
What are the subzone of Vin Santo del Chianti DOC?
Same as Chianti: | C. Aretini, C Pisane, C Fiorentini, C Senesi, Montespertoli, Rufina, Montalbano
130
What's the aging requirement for vin Santo del Chianti ? | What's the difference with vin Santo del Chianti Classico?
VS d Chianti: Wooden vessels no larger than 500 L 3 yrs 4yrs Riserva ``` VS d CC: Wooden vessels no larger than 300 L 3 Yrs (min 24 m in wood) ```
131
Name 3 100% Sangiovese Supertuscans
``` "Fontalloro" Felsina "Flaccianello della Pieve" Fontodi 'Cepparello' Isole e Olena 'Pergole Torte' Montevertine 'Il carbonaione' Poggio Scalette 'Percarlo' San Giusto a Rentennano 'Vigorello' San Felice (on release only. Now is Cab Sav, Merlot) ```
132
Name 3 100% Merlot Supertuscans
``` 'L'apparita' Castello di Ama 'Casalferro' Barone Ricasoli 'Boscarelli' Boscarelli 'Cantico' La Cappella Lamaione' Frescobaldi 'Messorio' Macchiole 'Masseto' Tenuta dell' Ornellaia 'La Ricolma' San Giusto a Rentennano 'Redigaffi' Tua Rita ```
133
Name 1 Supertuscans 100% CS
'Maestro Raro' Felsina 'Nemo' Monsanto 'Gabbro' Montepeloso
134
Name 1 100% Cab Franc supertuscans
Paleo, Le Macchiole
135
Name 1 100% Syrah Supertuscans
'Il Bosco' Tenimenti d'Alessandro | 'Scrio' Le Macchiole
136
What's the grape used in the iconic supertuscan from Il Carnasciale? What's the name of the cuvee?
'Il Caberlot" Made from 100% Caberlot. (Cab Sav + Merlot) They are the only producer
137
How is 'Il Caberlot' bottled?
Only in magnum
138
Tignanello | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Antinori 1971 sangiovese 75% + CS and CF
139
Luce | Name the producer, and Majority of the Blend
Frescobaldi Sangiovese red plus Merlot 1993
140
Il Corzano | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Corzano e Paterno Sangiovese mainly 1987
141
I sodi di San Niccolo | Name the producer, and Majority of the Blend
Castellare di Castellina | 85/90% Sangiovese + Malvasia Nera
142
Solaia | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Antinori CS (75%) CF Sang 1978
143
Guado al Tasso | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Antinori 50-65% CS Merlot 30-40 % 1990
144
Summus | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Banfi CS, Sang, Syrah 1985
145
Mormoreto | Name the producer, and Majority of the Blend
Frescobaldi | CS, Merlot, CF, PV
146
Grattamacco | Name the producer, and Majority of the Blend
Grattamacco, | Cs, Merl, Sang
147
Ornellaia | Name the producer, and Majority of the Blend
Tenuta dell'Ornellaia CS,merl, CF, PV 1985
148
What's the second wine of Ornellaia?
Serre Nuove
149
Ca'Martina | Name the producer, and Majority of the Blend
Querciabella CS (70%) CF 1981
150
Sassicaia | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Tenuta S Guido CS (85%) CF 1968
151
Promis | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Ca' Marcanda (Gaja) Merl, Syrah, Sang 2000
152
Batar | Name the producer, First Vintage, and Majority of the Blend
Querciabella 50% CH and 50% PB 1988
153
Who makes Flaccianello della Pieve?
Fontodi
154
Where is Fontodi based?
In Greve in Chianti, In the Conca d'Oro, South of Panzano
155
Which iconic supertuscans are made by Antinori?
Tignanello 1970 Solaia 1978 Guado al Tasso 1990
156
When the Antinori family established themselves in Tuscany (Chianti Classico, San Casciano and Tavernelle)?
In the 12th Century
157
Where is the Solaia plot?
Within the Tignanello vineyard. Tignanello is a 56 ha Vineyard Solaia is 20 HA within it
158
In which commune is Querciabella based ?
Greve
159
In which year Querciabella became organic? And Biodynamic?
Founded 1974 Organic 1988 Biod 2000
160
Name 2 iconic cuvees from Querciabella
Bâtar(d) 1988 50% CH 50% PB In 1995 Bâtar lost the -d Palafreno 2000 100% Merlot Camartina 1981 CS + SANG
161
Where is Montevertine based?
In Radda in Chianti
162
What was the first vintage of the 'Pergole Torte'? | When did Montevertine leave the Consorzio?
1977 | In the same year Montevertine left the Consorzio
163
Under which appellation is Montevertine released?
IGT Toscana
164
What Val di Cava did in 1967?
Bramante founded the consorzio of Brunello
165
What oak regimen is used by Biondi Santi?
Slavonian Oak
166
What is the Ricolmatura?
It's a practice of filling/ reconditioning old bottles of (Brunello) practice made famous by Biondi Santi "All of the bottles who have undergone the strict process of reconditioning (Ricolmatura) at the Estate, a renowned service which is controlled and overseen by Franco in the presence of other wine experts and an independent notary. Old Riservas are opened, tasted and if required, topped up with small quantities of the same wine drawn from the Estate reserves. A new cork is inserted and replacement capsule applied. Any bottles which fail this test are not topped up and a plain cork only is used to reseal the bottle. Copies of the original recorking certificates will be supplied with each lot showing the bottle number and date of recorking. A high proportion of the original labels and Riserva vintage slips are still in excellent condition (see plate) but where they are fragile or damaged, replacement 'period' labels have been supplied by the vendor from the Estate. The majority of the Ricolmatura was carried out in 1990 and all levels are base of neck or better. Each bottle also carries a signed and numbered back label showing the details of the reconditioning.
167
In which year Soldera founded his Estate ?
1972 Case Base Estate
168
In which year Soldera released his first Brunello?
1977
169
In which year Soldera only released Brunello as Riserva?
From 2000 until 2006 | First Brunello Riserva was 1983
170
What is the Case Base Estate "Pegasos"
It's an early released Brunello. Only released in 2005
171
What happened to Soldera in 2012?
A former employer vandalised Soldera's cellar. | He lost part of the vintages from 2007 till 2012, but the almost entirety of the 2010.
172
How much of the 2010 vintage was left after the act?
450L | he bottled the wine only in large formats and he sold it for charity
173
In which year Soldera left the Consorzio? | Which Vintage is in fact partly released as DOCG and partly as IGT Toscana?
Soldera left the Consorzio in 2013 | His 2006 vintage is half Brunello, and half IGT
174
What's the historic name of the Chianti Bottle?
Fiasco (A squat, straw- covered)
175
Which grapes are the historic blending partners of Sangiovese in Tuscany?
Canaiolo (soften) | Colorino (used to add colour)
176
What's the name of the Sangiovese clone in Montalcino? and Montepulciano?
Brunello or Sangiovese Grosso | Prugnolo Gentile
177
What 's the most planted red and white grape in Italy ?
R: Sangiovese W: Trebbiano Toscano
178
Describe why Brunello di Montalcino DOCG is warmer than Chianti Classico?
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG is in a warm pocket of Tuscany, protected on all sides by geographic elements. The Hills of Montecucco block access to the sea, the Monte Amiata shelters and breaks summer storms rather than in Montalcino itself. The Colli Senesi Hills block access to the north, and the southwest has the Tuscan Maremma. Chianti Classico is much father north and is exposed to the cool air of the Apennines. Harvest is 1 week to 10 days earlier in Montalcino than in Chianti.
179
Where is the highly respected Montosoli vineyard?
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
180
What is the aging and blend requirements for Carmignano and Carmignano Riserva?
Minimum 50% Sangiovese, 10-20% Cabernet and Cabernet Franc, max 20% Canaiollo Nero, max combined Trebbiano Toscana, Malvasia del Chianti and Canaiollo Bianco. Max 10% other red grapes. Regular: aged 8 months in wood, released the 2nd year Riserva: aged 12 months released the 3rd year.
181
What is the mountain that creates a rain shadow in Brunello?
Monte Amiata
182
Where would you find the Ombrone, Orcia and Asso Rivers?
In the Brunello region
183
What are the seven subzones of Brunello?
``` Montalcino (highest altitudes) Bosco Torrenieri Tavernelle Camigliano Saint Angelo (South, high altitude) Castelnuovo dell’Abate (best subzone, far southeast) ```
184
What type of trellising is most common in Brunello?
Cordon spur suits Sangiovese the best.
185
Tignanello, Cepparello, Flaccianello are all labeled IGT Toscana. What other DOCG could they all qualify for?
Chianti Classico DOCG. The DOCG changed their rules allowing Cabernet and a percentage of other international grapes in the hopes to attract these high profile wineries back to the DOCG.
186
Name two single vineyards of Brunello di Montalcino?
``` Montasoli Pian del Madonna Tenuta Greppo (Biondi Santi) ```
187
Where is Sesta/Tenuta di Sesta?
In Montalcino in the southern section. Wind currents blow along the Orcia River bed and lead to high diurnal fluctuations here. Great part of Montalcino. This is one of the top producers.
188
What is the main grape of Maestro Raro? Who makes this wine?
This is a super Tuscan from Felsina. It is 100% Cabernet
189
L’Apparita and Redigaffi are both Super Tuscans based on which grape?
L’Apparita is made by Castello di Ama, and Redigaffi is made by Tua Rita. Both are 100% Merlot.
190
Pomino DOC overlaps which Tuscan DOCG? Who are two producers here?
This is within the same area as Chianti Rufina. Allows a higher amount of international varieties. Selvapiani and Frescobaldi are the only producers here.
191
What are three clones of Sangiovese?
Prugnolo gentile (Vino Nobile) Brunello (Sangiovese Grosso) Sangiovese Piccolo Sangiovese di Lamole
192
First vintage of Ornellaia and blend
Founded by Lodovico Antinori (cousin of Piero). Named changed in 2012 to Ornellaia e Masseto. First vintage was 1985. Now owned by Frescobaldi.
193
Describe the vineyard for Masseto
6.6 hectare site, a former clay quarry, was identified by Andre Tchelistcheff as having great potential for Merlot. High content of compact clay. First release was 1984. Frescobaldi bought this in 2005, and Michel Roland has been consultant.
194
What is the second wine of Sassicaia?
Guidalberto
195
True or False wines from the Chianti and Chianti Classico DOCGs may be made as pure varietal sangiovese?
True
196
Who makes Madonna del Piano
Valdicava
197
Name some producers making a Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
Gran Selezione was allowed in 2013, making wines from 2010 vintage eligible. Some estates released earlier wines if they were in stock. Isole e Olena Gran Selezione 2006 Antinori Badia a Passignano - first vintage with that label was 2009, in 2008 it was Chianti Classico Riserva
198
Which DOC in Chianti Rufina permits Super Tuscan wines?
Pomino DOC
199
Marco Caprai is a famous producer in which DOCG?
Sagrantino di Montefalco
200
Which famous producer of Brunello opted out of the appellation after 2006 vintage?
Soldera Case Basse
201
What are the grape varieties used in Ornellaia Bianco?
Sauvignon Blanc & Viognier
202
What are the best and worst vintages of the 80s for Brunello di Montalcino.
Best: 1985, 1988 Worst: 1984, 1989
203
Who makes Perlato del Bosco Rosso? What is the cepage?
Tua Rita; 60% Sangio/40% Cab
204
In what year was Chianti Classico first allowed to be 100% Sangiovese? In what year did it become illegal to use white grapes in the blend?
1996; 2006
205
Compare the relative altitudes of the great estates of Maremma and Bolgheri vs. Chianti.
Bolgheri estates (Sassicaia, Ornellaia, Ca'Marcanda, Guado al Tasso, and Le Macchiole) lie almost near sea level, and grow predominately Bordeaux grapes. Chianti's finest Sangiovese growing estates (Castello di Volpaia, Castello di Ama, Collelungo) are at 400-500m above sea level.
206
What are the best vintages of the 21st century for Brunello di Montalcino?
2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015
207
What DOCGs mandate the usage of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and/or Cabernet Franc?
Carmignano (10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, combined, required) and Suvereto (Min. 85% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot)
208
Panzano & Lamole are recognized crus of what region?
Greve in Chianti
209
What two DOCGs are adjacent to Bolgheri?
Suvereto and Val di Cornia Rosso
210
In 1716, Grand Duke Cosimo III of Medici issued a decree with 4 delimited appellations of Tuscany. Name them.
Carmignano, Pomino, Chianti, and Valdarno
211
When were the subzones of Chianti created? What is the exception, and when was it added?
1932; Montespertoli was added in 1997 -- it used to be part of Colli Fiorentini
212
What is invaiatura?
Veraison
213
Where is Cortona a DOC, and what is the main grape?
Tuscany; Syrah
214
What regions of Italy have no DOCGs?
Alto Adige, Trentino, Valle d'Aosta, Liguria, Molise, Calabria
215
What DOC is Morellino di Scansano DOCG mostly within?
Maremma DOC
216
What is the current appellation on Vigna del Sorbo?
Since 2010, Chianti Classico Gran Selezione
217
Who makes Messorio? What does it mean and what is the cepage?
Le Macchiole; "the perfect child"; 100% Merlot
218
What was the first vintage of Paleo Rosso (Le Macchiole)? When did it become 100% Cabernet Franc and what was the cepage before that?
1989 to 2001/Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon
219
What Tuscan estate translates to "The House of Endless Negotiations"?
Ca'Marcanda
220
Who makes Pian del Ciampolo? What's the cepage?
Montevertine; Sangiovese/Canaiolo/Colorino
221
Where would you find the sub-zone Monti?
Gaiole in Chianti Classico
222
Name three producers based in Gaiole in Chianti?
Barone Ricasoli, Castello di Ama, i Sodi, La Porta di Vergine, San Giusto a Retennano
223
What can you expect the ABV on a vin santo to be?
15.5-17%
224
Name four synonyms for Sangiovese and where they are found.
Sangioveto (Chianti) Sangiovese Grosso/Brunello (Montalcino) Prugnolo Gentile (Montepulciano) Morellino (Scansano)
225
What is Ca'Marcanda's white wine?
Vistamare ("Sea View") -- Vermentino/Viognier/Chard/SB
226
What was the first year that Sassicaia carried the Bolgheri DOC on its label?
1994; up until then Bolgheri was a DOC for white wine! In 1994, red wine became part of the DOC and Bolgheri Sassicaia was a subzone. Became its own DOC in 2012.
227
Who (and from what winery) is credited with the creation of the Carmignano DOCG?
Contini Bonacossi of Capezzana
228
What is the worst vintage of the 21st century so far for Brunello di Montalcino?
2002
229
What is Biondi Santi's Fascia Rossa? When was it made?
Fascia Rossa (red stripe) Rosso di Montalcino -- declassified BdM. Made in 2002 and 2014.
230
What is agricultura promiscua? What kind of vine training does it traditionally accompany?
"Promiscuous agriculture" -- interplanting of grape vines next to other crops. Traditionally, grape vines would be planted in pergola, to allow for other crops to be planted below them.
231
Name three producers based in Greve in Chianti?
Fontodi, Il Molino di Grace, Querciabella, Villa Calcinaia, Castello di Rampolla
232
What are the parents of Sangiovese?
Ciliegiolo x unknown (believed to be Calabrese di Montenuovo, a grape found in Campania, of Calabrian origin)
233
What are the aging requirements for Bolgheri Rosso Superiore? Bolgheri? Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?
Bolgheri Rosso - min. 1 year Bolgheri Rosso Superiore - min. 2 years, with at least 1 year in oak Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC - min. 2 years, with at least 18 months in oak
234
What are the subzones of Chianti? Bonus points for naming the provinces of each.
Rufina, Colli Fiorentini, Montespertoli (all three in Firenze), Colli Aretini (Arezzo), Colli Senesi (Siena), Colline Pisane (Pisa), Montalbano (Prato, Pistoia, Firenze)
235
In what commune of Chianti Classico is the Tignanello estate?
San Casciano Val di Pesa
236
Name the appellation and first vintage of the following wines: - Guado al Tasso - Paleo Rosso - Ornellaia - Massetto - Sassicaia - Guidalberto - Promis
- Guado al Tasso: DOC Bolgheri Superiore, 1990 - Paleo Rosso: IGT Toscana, 1989 - Ornellaia: DOC Bolgheri Superiore, 1985 - Massetto: IGT Toscana, 1986 - Sassicaia: DOC Bolgheri Sassicaia, 1968 - Guidalberto: Toscana IGT, 2000 - Promis: Toscana IGT, 1996 (estate purchased)
237
Describe two effects of the Apennine Mountains on Chianti.
Provides altitude, which is important for Sangiovese, as well as shields from the cold wind that blows across the north toward Emilia Romagna.
238
What is the furthest north DOCG in Tuscany?
Carmignano
239
Who makes L'Eremo? What is the cepage?
Isole e Olena --100% Syrah
240
What is Grechetto called in Tuscany?
Pulcinculo ("flea in the bottom")
241
What denomination cannot be used in conjunction with a subzone name in Chianti?
Chianti Superiore
242
What are the three primary grapes of Bolgheri Bianco?
Vermentino, Sauvignon, and Trebbiano (with a max. of 30% other grapes)
243
What is the coolest subzone of Chianti?
Rufina
244
Who was the consulting enologist for Ornellaia?
Michel Rolland
245
In what cru of Greve is Sangiovese known as Sangioveto?
Lamole
246
Slavonian oak is a sub-species of what? Where is this species found?
Quercus robur -- found in the Limousin and Balkan forests
247
Name four other grapes authorized for production in Chianti Classico DOC besides Sangiovese?
Colorino, Canaiolo Nero, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
248
Who makes Massetto? What was the first vintage? What is the cepage?
Ornellaia; 100% Merlot; 1986 (Massetto is the name of the vineyard in Bolgheri)
249
Where is Sergio Manetti owner's?
Montevertine
250
Name the four original villages of Chianti Classico, clockwise, starting from the northernmost.
Greve, Radda, Gaiole, Castellina
251
What are the worst vintages of the 1990s for Brunello di Montalcino?
1991, 1992, and 1996
252
Name 5 producers based in Bolgheri.
Le Macchiole, Tenuta San Guido, Banfi, Ornellaia, Grattamacco, Ca'Marcanda, Guado al Tasso
253
Who makes "Magari"? From where and what is it?
Gaja, Ca'Marcanda. Both terre brune (dark loam/clay) and terre blanche (stone/pepples); Merlot/Cab/Cab Franc
254
In what commune of Chianti Classico are Castello di Monsanto and Isole e Olena based?
Barberino Val d’Elsa
255
Who makes Le Serre Nuove? What was the first vintage? What is the cepage?
Ornellaia's second wine; Cab/Cab Franc/Merlot/PV; 1997
256
Name 4 wines made by Ornellaia and the appellation on the label.
Ornellaia - Bolgheri Superiore DOC Serre Nuove - Bolgheri DOC Le Volta - Toscana IGT Massetto - Toscana IGT
257
Name two producers of Morellino di Scansano DOCG.
La Mozza, Fattoria Le Pupille
258
What is the Alicante of Tuscany?
Grenache! Frequently used as a blending partner in Morellino di Scansano.
259
What winery did Piero Palmucci establish in 1989? Who did he sell it to in 2011?
Poggio di Sotto; sold to Claudio Tipa of Collemassari and Grattamacco in 2011
260
What is the appellation of Guidalberto?
Toscana IGT
261
What are the cepage requirements for Bolgheri Rosso DOC?
0-100% Cab, Merlot, or Cab Franc Max. 50% Syrah Max. 50% Sangiovese Max. 30% other grapes
262
What is mezzadria and how does it relate to the development of fine wine production in Italy?
Mezzadria is sharecropping; wasn't outlawed until the 1950s and crippled Italy's ability to produce quality wine.
263
Name threeproducers of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
Avignonesi, Il Macchione, Boscarelli
264
Name four factors that might distinguish modernist and traditionalist producers of Brunello di Montalcino.
- barrique usage - extraction - clonal selection - single vineyard bottlings
265
In general, what would you expect in terms of added requirements for a "Riserva" wine vs. a "Superiore" wine?
In general, Riserva denotes extended barrel aging, while Superiore denotes higher min. ABV and lower yields (riper grapes).
266
In what year did it become illegal to use white grapes in Chianti Classico DOCG wines? What white grapes were used prior to that? Is it still legal to use white grapes in Chianti DOCG and in what amounts?
Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia; 2006 Yes, up to 10%
267
What are the names of the two different vineyards on Soldera's estate?
Case Basse and Intistieti
268
Where is the Pomino DOC and who are the only producers? How are the regulations different than the surrounding region?
Within Rufina; Frescobaldi and Fattoria Selvapiana; higher % of international grapes allowed -- min. 50% Sangiovese w/ Pinot Noir and Merlot (max. 50% combined). Varietal wines, white, red, and vin santo also made.
269
When did Gaja acquire its Tuscan estate, and what is it called?
1996; Ca'Marcanda
270
Who makes Intistieti and what is it?
Intistieti is one of the vineyards on Soldera's estate. He has come to use the name, though, not to reflect vineyard origin but to denote a wine that spends less time in barrel. Intistieti was made in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991, and 1992. Labeled as Vino da Tavola.
271
What are the main differences between Vin Santo del Chianti DOC and Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC?
Chianti DOC -- has a Riserva designation, min. 70% Trebbiano Toscano and/or Malvasia; Occhio di Pernice is min. 50% Sangiovese Chianti Classico DOC -- no Riserva designation, min. 60% Trebbiano Toscana; Occhio di Pernice is min. 80% Sangiovese. Higher potential alcohol and lower acquired.
272
Where would you find the fraziones Montefioralle and Ruffoli?
Greve in Chianti
273
Name three synonyms for Trebbiano di Toscana.
Passerina -- Marche Procanico -- Umbria Ugni Blanc -- France
274
What are the aging requirements for Rosso di Montalcino DOC?
Min. 1 year before release (no oak required)
275
Where is Vernaccia a red grape?
Marche; Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG
276
Where is the conca d'oro?
Greve in Chianti Classico -- "golden valley" -- amphitheater of ideal southern facing slopes
277
Who makes Madonna del Piano?
Valdicava; their single vineyard BdM
278
Where is Poggio Civitella?
The highest point in Brunello di Montalcino.

CMS Advanced Somm Old (42 decks)

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