Rhone, South of France, Languedoc-Roussillon Flashcards
Describe the wines of Coteaux de Die AOP.
Whites based on Clairette (100%)
SOUTH RHONE
How many communes are part of Cotes du Roussillon-Villages AOP? How many may appened their name? Which?
- 32 communes
- 4 communes:
- Latour-de-France
- Caramany (Old Carignan)
- Lesquerde (Old Carignan)
- Tautavel
What region has more acres under vine than any other in the world?
Languedoc-Roussillon
What are the Rasteau vin doux naturel labeling terms?
Oxidative - aged min 3 yrs
- Ambré - white
- Tuilé - red
Fresher
- Blanc - white
- Grenat - red
Rancio
- maderized
- open barrels
- left in the sun
“Hors d’Age” - min 5 yrs of age
What is the subzone of Cotes du Roussillon?
Les Apres(2003) -Reds based on Syrah & Mourvèdre
Where is the Patrimonio AOP?
Corsica
What are the permitted methods of production for Gaillac Mousseux?
-Traditional method
W: Mauzac
-Méthode Gaillaçoise - a variant of méthode ancestrale
Where and what is Buzet AOP?
- South of Bergerac
- Red, white, rosé - Bordeaux varieties
What are the main grapes of Corsica?
(All Indigenous)
- Nielluccio - Sangiovese variant
- Sciacarello
- Vermentino
What color wines can be Cotes de Provence AOP?
Blanc: Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Sémillon, Vermentino
Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Min. 70% combined Cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Tibouren
-Rosé - 75% of ouput (same red grapes)
Where and what is Cotes de Marmandais AOP?
South of Bergerac
- Red, white, rosé
- Bordeaux varieties w/a compliment of local grapes
What color wines can be Corbieres AOP?
Blanc: Min. 90% combined Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Macabeu, Roussanne, and Vermentino
Rouge: Min. 2 varieties. Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; plus Carignan
What is the climate of the Rhone Valley?
- N. Rhone - more continental
- S. Rhone - Mediterranean
What is the local term used for vintage in Banyuls?
Rimage (min. 1 year)
Which N. Rhone appellation is shielded from “le mistrale”?
Cornas
Where is Banyuls AOP?
Roussillon - southernmost, appellation in continental France
What appellation in France produces varietal Fer wines?
Marcillac AOP - min 90%
Which of Corbières sub-zones was promoted?
Corbières-Boutenac - Carignan-based red wines
Where is Pierrevert AOP and what color are the wines?
-North, close to S.Rhone
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Grenache Blanc and Vermentino; max. 10% combined Marsanne, Viognier, and Piquepoul Blanc; plus Clairette, Roussanne, and Ugni Blanc
Rosé/R: Min. 70% combined Grenache, Syrah and Cinsault
What N. Rhone appellations allow for blending Viognier w/ Syrah?
Côte Rôtie only
Who makes 90% of the wine labeled as Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP?
A local co-operative, the Vignerons de Beaumes-de-Venise
Who revived Hermitage Vin de Paille?
- Gerard Chave in the 1970s
- Chapoutier more recently
What color wines does St-Joseph produce? From what grapes?
Red - Syrah, max 10% combined Marsanne, Roussanne
White - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
What 4 lieux-dits is Cornas divided into?
- Les Reynards
- La Côte
- Les Chaillot
- Les Mazards
When was Vacqueyras promoted from CDR-Villages AOP?
1990
What are the requirements for Branyuls Grand Cru AOP?
- Min 75% Grenache Noir
- Min 30 months in barrel
What color can Beaume-de-Venise be? From what grapes?
Red - min 50% Grenache
What is required for Cotes de Bergerac AOP?
-Bergerac delimited zone but it requires a higher min abv
What 22 communes may append their name to Côtes du Rhone-Villages AOP?
Chusclan Gadagne Laudun Massif d'Uchaux Nyons (2020) Plan de Dieu Puyméras Roaix Rochegude Rousset-les-Vignes Sablet Saint-Andéol Saint-Gervais Saint-Maurice Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes Sainte-Cécile Séguret Signargues Suze-la-Rousse Vaison-la-Romaine Valréas Visan
What is the style and varieties of Tavel?
Rosé - regarded as France’s premiere rosé appellation
-Grenache based and dry
When did the Roman Catholic Popes reside in Avignon?
1309-1378
Where is Faugères AOP/St. Chinan AOP? What color wines?
Languedoc - red, white, rosé
Blanc: 30-70% Roussanne; max. 70% each Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, and Vermentino
Accessory Varieties: Max. 10% combined Clairette and Viognier
Rosé/R: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut (min. 20% Grenache and/or Lladoner Pelut), Mourvèdre (min. 5%), and Syrah (min. 15%)
What color wines can be Pécharmant AOP?
Blended reds Bordeaux Varietals
-The longest-lived wines from Bergerac
Name 3 excellent producers of Bandol.
- Domaine Tempier
- Chateau Pibarnon
- Chateau Pradeaux
What is the physically smallest red wine appellation of the N. Rhone?
Cornas - although Hermitage produces less wine
-Just over 100ha planted
Where is Rosette AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
Where is Haut-Montravel AOP/ Cotes de Montravel AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
Where is vin doux naturel produced in the S. Rhone?
- Rasteau AOP
- Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP
What is Clairette de Bellegarde AOP?
A single-commune appellation within Costières de Nîmes (S.R), produces white wines from the Clairette grape
What is the encépagement of Chateau Rayas in Chateauneuf?
100% Grenache
What does “Hors d’Age” mean on a Rivesaltes label?
Aged min 5 yrs
-In practice, they may receive up to 20 yrs aging prior to release
(Tuilé or Ambré only)
What is the soil known as in Cornas?
“Gore” - naked granite
What are the authorized grapes of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
- Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
- Mourvèdre
- Cinsault
- Counoise
- Picpoul (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
- Terret Noir
- Bourboulenc
- Clairette/Clairette Rosé
- Roussanne
- Vaccarèse
- Picardin
- Muscardin
What is the most full-bodied, richest, and consistently quality-minded VDN appellation in France?
Banyuls AOP
What is the premiere producer of Les Baux de Provence AOP?
Domaine de Trévallon
-1995 AOC promotion left the estate to release its Cabernet-based wines as “Vin de Pays”
What are the sub-zones of Cotes de Provence?
- La Londe
- Pierrefeu
- Sainte-Victoire
- Fréjus
- Notre-Dame des Anges (added 2019)
What advantages does co-fermentation offer?
Stabilizing red wine color and moderating tannin extraction
What color wines can Crozes-Hermitage be? From what grapes?
- Red - Syrah, max 15% combined Marsanne/Roussanne
- Blanc - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
Where is Cabardès AOP? What color wines are produced?
- Languedoc
- Red & Rosé (Grenache/Syrah/Major Bordeaux Varieties)
What sub-zone of Minervois received full appellation status for reds in 1999?
Minervois-La Livinière
R: GSM, Carignan, Cinsault
Where is Palette AOP? Grapes?
Provence
- Ch. Simone
Rosé/R: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre (min. 10%), and Cinsault (no single variety may exceed 80%)
Blanc: Min. 55% combined Picardin (Araignan), Clairette, Bourboulenc, and Clairette Rosé
What do “Rivesaltes” mean?
“High River” in Catalan tongue
What is the aging requirement for Rivesaltes Tuilé?
Aged in an oxidative environment until at least March 1 of the 3rd year following harvest
Where is the Cassis AOP?
Provence
Mainly W: Clairette, Roussanne
Who owns Chateau Grillet?
Neyret-Gachet which was purchased by François Pinault 2011
What are the appellations of the Dordogne?
- Bergerac
- Cotes de Bergerac
- Pécharmant
- Montravel
- Haut-Montravel (Sweet)
- Cotes de Montravel (Sweet)
- Rosette (Sweet)
- Saussignac (Sweet)
- Monbazillac (Sweet)
What are the sweet wine appellations of Bergerac?
- Monbazillac AOP
- Saussignac AOP
- Rosette AOP
- Haut-Montravel AOP
- Cotes Montravel AOP
What is the difference between these AOPs: Haut-Montravel, Cotes de Montravel, and Montravel?
- Montravel - dry reds & dry whites (Bordeaux Style)
- Haut- and Cotes-Montravel (VDN whites)
- All 3 are separate delimited zones:
- Cotes - northernmost
- Haut - middle
- Montravel - southernmost
What appellation of Provence has been pushing for organic mandated farming?
Les Baux de Provence AOP
What is Le Rapé?
- Producers must discard 2% of harvest grapes
- safeguards against under-ripeness
- Mandated by AOP regulations
What communes can grapes for Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP be sourced?
- Beaume-de-Venise
- Aubignon
What AOP mandates Negrette?
Fronton AOP (SW FRANCE)
Where is St-Chinian AOP? What color wine is produced there?
Languedoc - red, rosé, & white (Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Viognier)
Subzones: BERLOU (Carignan, GSM) and ROQUEBRUN (Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre)
What colors and from what grapes are produced under the Patrimonio AOP?
White - Vermentino
Red/Rosé - Nielluccio
When were the vineyards of Gaillac AOP established?
SW France
-By the Romans of ancient Gaul in the 1st century CE, are among France’s oldest
What is the aging req for Rivesaltes Grenat?
Aged reductively for 1 yr
-Must be bottled before March 1 of the 2nd yr following harvest
What color wine can be Languedoc AOP?
- Red - min 50% combined Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Lladoner Pelut
- Rosé
- White: Piquepoul Blanc (max. 50%), Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat, and Vermentino
Who are the 4 main producers of Hermitage?
-Jean-Louis Chave (singular producer)
Negociants:
- Delas
- M. Chapoutier
- Paul Jaboulet
What are the major cities of the Southern Rhone?
- Montelimar (north)
- Avignon (South-Central)
- Nîmes (Southwest)
Describe the wines of Cremant de Die AOP.
Sparkling - does not req 100% Clairette
Where is Coteaux Varois?
Provence - Coteaux Varois en Provence
What region of the S. Rhone adjoins the S. Rhone, Provence & Languedoc?
Costières de Nîmes AOP
What AOP of the S. Rhone was formerly considered an appellation of the Languedoc?
Costières de Nîmes AOP
-Changed in 2004
What vin doux naturel colors can Rasteau AOP be?
White, Rosé, & Red
-Based on Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
What AOP represents over 90% of France’s fortified wine?
Rivesaltes AOP
Where is Cotes de Montravel AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
Where is Cotes du Vivarais AOP? Color of wines?
S. Rhone - red, rosé, & white
What wine may be labeled “Muscat de Nöel”?
Rivesaltes vin doux naturel - Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains & Muscat d’Alexandrie
-Christmas wines that must be bottled no later than Dec 1 of the yr of harvest
Who has long been considered the bearer of traditional wines for Cornas?
Auguste Clape
What are the two distinct, non-contiguous sectors of Fitou AOP?
- Fitou Maritime
- Fitou Montagneux
Where did Rasteu’s labeling terms come from?
In 2011, Rasteau vignerons adopted the labeling terms from Rivesaltes in Roussillon
What colors, from what grapes, can Les Beaux de Provence AOP be?
Red & Rosé
-Based on Grenache, Syrah, & Cinsault
White (added in 2011)
-Based on Grenache Blanc, Vermentino, Clairette, Roussanne
What are the Gaillac “Premières Côtes” for?
The appellation exists for the dry whites of eleven communes
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Len de l’El, and Muscadelle; plus max. 50% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Ondenc
What are the sweet whites of Gaillac labeled?
Gaillac Doux
Principal Varieties: Len de l’El and Ondenc
Accessory Varieties: Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Muscadelle
What are the two sub-zone designations of St-Chinian AOP?
- Berlou
- Roquebrun
What areas of the N. Rhone are defined by heat-retaining granitic and schistous soils?
- Côte-Rôtie
- Condrieu
- Hermitage
What are the appellations of Corsica?
- Vin de Corse
- Muscat du Cap Corse
- Ajaccio
- Patrimonio
What color wines are permitted for Limoux?
Red & White
Blanc: Mauzac, Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay (still whites must be fermented in oak)
Rouge: Min. 50% Merlot
Complementary Varieties: Min. 30% combined Grenache, Syrah, and Cot
Accessory Varieties: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
What river is Cahors located on? Where is Cahors?
- Lot River
- Southwest France
What is the northernmost appellation of the N. Rhone?
Côte-Rôtie
Where is Madiran AOP?
In Gascony in SW France
What is the thin topsoil that is powdery, decomposed mica in Condrieu?
Arzelle
What grapes can Rivesaltes Ambré, Tuilé, and Rosé be?
Grenache (Blanc, Noir, Gris), Tourbat(W), Macabeu(W)
-max 20% combined Muscat à Petit Grains & Muscat d’Alexandria
What styles of wine can St-Peray be? From what grapes?
- Exclusively whites - Marsanne & Roussanne
- Marsane - broader, oily texture, marzipan character
- Roussanne - more delicate, adds acidity, waxy minerality
- Can produce mousseux
- méthode traditionelle
What variant of Muscat is used for Muscat du Cap Corse AOP?
Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc (VDN)
What style of wines are Cotes du Roussillon?
Dry red, white and rosé
Blanc: Min. 2 varieties (none may exceed 80%)
Min. 50% combined Grenache Blanc, Macabeu, and Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon)
Rouge/ Rosé: Min. 2 varieties (none may exceed 70%)
Min. 80% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah (min. 25% combined Mourvèdre and Syrah), and Carignan (max. 50%)
Describe the wines of Clairette de Die AOP?
- Two sparkling styles:
- Méthode Traditionelle ; W: Clairette ; -max 15 g/L RS(Brut)
- Méthode Dioise Ancestrale; 75% Muscat à Petits Grains + Clairette
- Min 35g/L RS (implying demi-sec)
What is the only appellation in France to focus on Mourvèdre?
Bandol AOP
-Min 50% Mourvèdre - blended w/Grenache, Cinsault (and to a lesser extent Syrah & Carignan)
Where is Pécharmant AOP?
Bergerac
Where is Saussignac AOP?
Sweet wine AOP of Bergerac
Where is Chateau Simone?
Palette AOP (Provence)
What are unfortified red, rosé, and whites from Banyuls?
Colliure AOP
Rouge/Rosé: Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and Carignan
Blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino
Where and what is Côtes de Duras AOP?
South of Bergerac
Red, white & rosé
-Bordeaux varieties
What 5 grapes represent the bulk of red & rosé of Cotes de Provence?
- Cinsault
- Grenache
- Mourvèdre
- Syrah
- Tibouren (local, garrigue scented)
What are the important climats of Hermitage?
- La Chapelle
- L’Hermite
- Le Méal
- Les Bressards
- Gréffieux
- Beaume
- Péléat
What is unique about the wines of Chateau de Beaucastel?
- Dominated by Mourvèdre
- Produced from every authorized variety
What are the two major cities of the Northern Rhone?
Vienne & Valence
Where is Bandol AOP located?
Provence
Where is the Bellet AOP?
Provence
Describe the white still wines of Limoux.
Based on Chard, Chenin, and Mauzac
-Must be barrel fermented
What color wines does Cassis AOP produce?
Red, white, rosé
-Clairette and Marsanne account for the better wines
What are the grapes of Madiran?
Based on Tannat, plus CF, CS, and Fer
When was Vinsobres promoted from CDR-Villages?
2006
R: 50% Grenache
What 4 appellations shared CD PAPE’s min potential ABV for reds?
- Gigondas
- Vacqueyras
- Beaume-de-Venise
- Vinsobres
What is Rolle?
A local synonym for Italian Vermentino in Bellet AOP
Where was micro-oxygenation developed? Why?
Madiran
-Patrick Ducournau developed micro-oxygenation in the 1990s to soften the blow of Tannat
What is the production method for Muscat de Beaume-de-Venise AOP?
Fermentation is arrested through mutage
-adding pure grape spirit to arrest fermentation in a proportion of 5-10%
What does the Papel Crest indicate? What does the “La Mitrale” indicate? Who first released an estate-bottled CDP wine?
- It indicates that the wines were bottled in the area and they are a member of the Federation
- It indicates that they are a member of the SIDVAOC
- Ch. La Nerthe released the first estate-bottled CDP wines in 1785
What was phylloxera’s doorway to France? When?
Lirac - 1863
Who are the 3 producers helping with the resurgence of Condrieu?
- Georges Varnay
- Yves Cuilleron
- André Perret
What color wines may CDR and CDR-Villages be?
Both - red, white, rosé
What color wines does Cornas produce? From what grapes?
Red only - 100% Syrah
Where is Monbazillac AOP?
Bergerac
What is rimage?
Local term for vintage in Banyuls
What color wines (what grapes) are produced under the Ajaccio AOP?
Red/Rosé - min 40% Sciacarello
White - min 80% Vermentino
What color wines does Gigondas produce?
Red & Rosé
- min 50% Grenache
- Typically blended w/Syrah & Mourvèdre
- Other Rhone varieties may be planted - up to max 10% (except Carignan)
Where and what is Marcillac AOP?
SW France (East of Cahors)
min 90% Fer (red)
Where are the Rhone River’s headwaters?
Switzerland
Where is Jurançon AOP?
Pyrénées-Atlantique department, in the SW of France
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Gros Manseng and/or Petit Manseng
Accessory Varieties: Lauzet, Courbu, Petit Courbu, and Camaralet de Lasseube
- Blanc Sec
- Blanc “Vendanges Tardives” (VT): Petit Manseng and Gros Manseng
What styles can be Rivesaltes AOP?
- Ambré (Amber)
- Tuilé (Tawny)
- Grenat (Red)
- Rosé
- Rancio
What colors can Hermitage(N.R) be? From what grapes?
Red - Syrah, max 15% combined Marsanne, Roussanne
White - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
Vin de Paille - Marsanne and/or Roussanne
What appellation was formerly known as Cotes du Tricastin?
Grignan-les-Adhémar AOP (S. Rhone) North
-Rebranded in 2010 to avoid unsavory association with Tricastin nuclear plant
When was Gigondas promoted from CDR-Villages AOP?
1971
What was Fronton AOP formerly known as?
Côtes de Frontonnais
- R/R: 40% Negrette
What AOP is based on Gamay, Aligoté, and Chardonnay in the Rhone Valley?
Châtillon-en-Diois AOP (N.R) South
- Red & Rosé - Gamay based
- Whites - based on Chard & Aligoté
What is the only permitted method to make rosé for still wines in France?
saignage
What is the most notable sweet wine appellation of Bergerac?
Monbazillac AOP
What variety is Rivesaltes Grenat?
Grenache Noir
Where is Fitou AOP? When was it promoted?
Languedoc
-1948 - one of the region’s oldest appellations
R: Carignan + GSM
Where is Malepère AOP? What color wines are produced there?
- Languedoc (Close to Limoux)
- Red - min 50% Merlot
- Rosé - min 50% CF
- Promoted in 2006
How large is Chateau Grillet?
3.5ha
What sparkling AOP of the Northern Rhone allows for the ancestrale method? What is the min % varietal?
Clairette de Die AOP
-min 75% Muscat à Petit Grains
What color dry wines can be Gaillac AOP?
Red, white & rosé
- Red blends - Duras, Fer, Syrah w/ small allotment of Bordeaux grapes
- White - Mauzac, Muscadelle, and Len de l’El
What styles are the wines of Jurançon and of what grapes?
Blanc - Gros Manseng
Blanc (passerillage) - Petit Manseng
Also allowed: Petit Courbu, Camaralet, Lauzet
Where is the Minervois AOP?
Languedoc
W: Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc
R/R: Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvedre
NB: “Minervois La Liviniere” (1999); R: GSM, Carignan, Cinsault
What are the eligible communes for Rasteau AOP?
- Rasteau
- Cairanne
- Sablet
Who is the largest producer of Côte-Rôtie?
E. Guigal
What are fortified wine appellations of the Languedoc?
- Muscat de Mireval AOP
- Muscat de Lunel AOP
- Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois AOP
- Muscat de Frontignan (most common - may be either: vin doux naturel or vin de liqueur)
*Muscat a petit Grains
Where is Domaine de Triennes located?
Coteaux Varois en Provence
*Released as “Vin De Pays”
Where is Ventoux/ Luberon/ Cotes du Vivarais? Color of wines?
S. Rhone - red, rosé & white
What region of the N. Rhone can produce Vin de Paille?
Hermitage
What does Maury AOP(Roussillon) produce?
- Still dry red
- Vin doux naturel - Grenache (Noir, Blanc, Gris)
Same as Rivesaltes styles:
- Blanc
- Ambré
- Grenat
- Tuilé
- Hors d’Age
- Rancio
Who invented mutage (stop fermentation)?
Arnaud de Villeneuve, in the 13th century, in Rivesaltes
-He was a physician who used it for medicinal elixirs
What is the min ABV of CDP?
min 12.5% ABV - highest in France for dry AOP wines
When did phylloxera hit CDP?
1863 - S. Rhone was the first quality region to be struck in France
What was the first French AOC and when?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape in 1936
- Following phylloxera, wine fraud took hold in France
- CDP growers set/imposed rules for production to combat fraud
What is arzelle?
- This topsoil that is rich w/powdery, decomposed micah
- Near the commune of Condrieu
What are bonbonnes?
Glass jugs used to age Rivesaltes oxidately
What is the S. Rhone’s northernmost appellation?
Grignan-les-Adhémar AOP
Fitou is embeded within which larger region?
Corbières AOP
What colors and what grapes are used for Vin de Corse AOP?
- Red & Rosé - Nielluccio and Sciacarello are blended w/Grenache, Barbarossa, and a host of Rhone grapes
- White - blends based on Vermentino & Ugni Blanc
Côte-Rôtie is located behind which town?
Ampuis
What are the two slopes located nearest Ampuis and considered the heart of Côte-Rôtie?
- Côte Brune - stronger, more assertive
- Côte Blonde - yields softer, more alluring wines
How long must Bandol AOP wines must age in wood?
Min 18 months in wood
What 4 AOPs are located on the Drôme River?
- Coteaux de Die AOP
- Cremant de Die AOP
- Clairette de Die AOP
- Châtillon-en-Diois AOP
What color wines can Chateauneuf-du-Pape be?
Red & White
Permitted Grape Varieties: Grenache (Noir, Gris and Blanc), Mourvèdre, Syrah, Cinsault, Counoise, Bourboulenc, Roussanne, Brun Argenté (Vaccarèse), Clairette, Clairette Rosé, Muscardin, Picardan, Piquepoul (Noir, Gris and Blanc), Terret Noir
What color wines does Bellet AOP produce?
Red, white, & rosé
-More promising whites: Rolle/Vermentino
What is the name of the hour-glass shaped bottle for Provence wines?
“Skittle” bottles
What are Limoux reds based on?
Merlot based
What are the varieties of Cahors?
min 70% Malbec, + Tannat and Merlot
What are “galets”?
“pudding stones” deposited in CDP
- made of quartzite
- they serve to store heat
Where is Ajaccio AOP?
Corsica
What 3 types of bubbles are permitted in Limoux?
-Blanquette de Limoux (min 90% Mauzac)
-Crémant de Limoux - traditional method
(Chard & Chenin + max 20% Mauzac and Pinot Noir)
-Limoux Methode Ancestrale (100% Mauzac)
What is the vin doux naturel AOP of Corisca?
Muscat du Cap Corse AOP
When was Beaume-de-Venise promoted from CDR-Villages?
2005
What portion of Rhone’s wines are released as Côtes du Rhone AOP?
2/3
What grape’s name means “far from sight” in the old d’Oc tongue? Why? Where is it a principal grape?
Len de l’El - conveys the cluster’s long stalks and distance to the “eye”, or bud from which they sprouted
-Gaillac
What is Collioure AOP?
Unfortified red, rosé, and white appellation for Banyuls production
Blanc: Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Tourbat (Malvoisie du Roussillon), and Vermentino
Rouge/Rosé: Grenache, Mourvèdre, Syrah, and Carignan
Where is Montravel AOP? What styles of wine?
Dry reds or whites from Bergerac
Where is La Landonne? Who are the two main producers?
Côte Rôtie
- E. Guigal
- Rene Rostaing
What is le mistral?
- Cold, dry wind
- Greatly affects the S. Rhone and Provence
- Affects the N. Rhone in winter and spring
- Prevents mould and mildew
What are the permitted methods for oxidative aging in Rivestaltes?
Glass bonbonnes in the sun or solera
What are the main grapes and styles of Monbazillac? Is machine harvest allowed?
- Blanc/SGN (Bortrytis)
- Bordeaux varieties
- Muscadelle does very well here in the sandy soils
- Hand Harvesting
- Botrytis = multiple tries
What color wines (what grapes) are permitted in Fitou AOP?
Red - usually dominated by Carignan (and Grenache)
What is Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP?
Vin Doux Naturel made exclusively of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat d’Alexandrie
What styles of wines are Bergerac AOP?
Red, white, & rosé
- From Bordeaux varietals
- “Sec” denotes dry whites
What are the appellations of the N. Rhone?
- Côte-Rôtie
- St-Joseph
- Hermitage
- Crozes-Hermitage
- Cornas
- Condrieu
- Chateau Grillet
- St-Péray
- Crémant de Die
- Clairette de Die
- Coteaux de Die
- Châtillon-en-Dioise
- Cotes du Rhones
What is Jaboulet’s premiere wine?
-La Chapelle (of Hermitage)
What is the major soil of Gigondas?
Red clay alluvial soils
What colors can Vacqueyras be?
- Usually red - min 50% Grenache (generally rustic)
- Small amounts of white and rosé
What colors, from what grapes, can Lirac be?
Red, white, & rosé
- Grenache (Blanc/Noir)
- Whites may see significant proportions of Clairette and Bourboulenc
What are the most important AOP’s in southwestern France?
- Cahors
- Madiran
- Jurançon
- Gaillac
What is the only appellation outside of Bordeaux to publish a ranking of Grand Cru Classé estates?
Côtes de Provence
- Originally classified in 1955
- 23 estates
What is rancio?
French and Spanish term for a fortified wine that has been maderized– exposed to direct sunlight
What % does the S. Rhone account for in the Rhone Valley?
95%, overwhelmingly devoted to red
What appellations in the N. Rhone allow for blending Marsanne and Roussanne w/Syrah?
- Hermitage (15%)
- Crozes-Hermitage (15%)
- St-Joseph (10%)
What color wines can Côte-Rôtie be? From what grapes?
- Red only
- Syrah, max 20% Viognier
What and where is Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP?
SW/Dordogne;
Sec/Demi-sweet/ Sweet-Based on Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu, and Arrufiac
Where is Luberon? Color of wines?
S. Rhone - red, rosé, white
What regions are located in the basque influenced Pyrénees-Atlantique department?
- Jurançon
- Irouléguy
- Béarn
Where is the Maury AOP?
Roussillon
What are the appellations of Provence?
- Côtes de Provence
- Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence
- Les Baux de Provence
- Coteaux Varois en Provence
- Bandol
- Bellet
- Cassis
- Palette
What areas of the N. Rhone are dominated by heavier, clay soils?
- St-Joseph
- Crozes-Hermitage
- St-Péray
What is the aging requirement for Rivesaltes Ambré?
Aged in an oxidative environment until at least March 1 of the 3rd year following harvest
What is the main grape of “traditionnel” Banyuls AOP?
min 50% Grenache Noir
What color can Vinsobres be?
Red - min 50% Grenache Noir
Where and what is Fronton AOP?
West of Gaillac
Blended reds & rosés
-min 50% Negrette
What appellations in France mandate Tannat’s use?
Min 50%
- Madiran
- Béarn
How many sub-appellations are in the Languedoc AOP? What are the most prominent?
- 16
- Terrasses du Larzac (only R: GSM, Carignan)
- Le Clape (R: GSM / W: Bourbolenc, Grenache Blanc
- Pic-St-Loup (R/R: GSM)
Who moved the center of Christian Europe from Rome to Avignon?
Pope Clement V
What was the first AOC established in France? When did this occur?
CNDP; 1936
Describe the climatic conditions of the Northern Rhone
Benefits from the southernly position but experiences greater seasonal temperature shifts, more rainfall, and few hours of sunshine than the southern appellations
When do the Mistral winds affect the Northern Rhone?
During winter and spring
What is arzelle? Where is it found?
A thin topsoil rich with powdery, decomposed mica; Near the commune of Condrieu
What are the soils of Cote Rotie, Condrieu and Hermitage?
Heat retaining granitic and schistous - ARZELLE
What are the soils of St Joseph, Crozes Hermitage and St Peray?
Heavier in clay
Cote Rotie allows up to ___% of what white grape?
20% Viognier
Which two Northern Rhone appellations allow up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne?
Hermitage and Crozes Hermitage
What Northern Rhone appellation allows up to 10% Marsanne/Roussanne?
St Joseph
Name 6 climats of Hermitage
L’Hermite, le Meal, les Bessards, Greffieux, Beaume, Peleat
Where is Crozes Hermitage situated?
Behind the hill of Hermitage
Which sub appellation of Northern Rhone has the warmest climate?
Cornas
Which red wine producing appellations in northern Rhone can also produce white wines? Which cannot?
- St Jospeh, Crozes Hermitage, Hermitage;
* Cornas, Cote Rotie;
What are the only two permitted grapes of St Peray?
Marsanne and Roussanne
What does Marsanne offer to a blend?
Broader, oily texture and marzipan character
What does Roussanne offer to a blend?
Acidity and waxy minerality
Clairette de Die made in the methode dioise ancestrale must be 75% of what grape?
Muscat a Petit Grains
Clairette de Die made in the methode ancestrale has a minimum RS of ___?
35 g/l
Clairette de Die made in the methode traditionelle has a maximum RS of ___?
15 g/l
What are the grapes of Chatillon en Diois?
Gamay, Aligote, Chardonnay
What does Grenache offer to a blend?
Body, sweet fruit and warmth
What do Mourvedre and Syrah offer to a blend?
Structure and depth of color
What does Cinsault offer to a blend?
Finesse and freshness
Describe the climatic factors of the Southern Rhone.
The mistral blows (fiercely) across the southern valley; Hot summers are tempered by significant diurnal swings; Mild winters follow usually heavy autumnal rains.
What are the primary soils of Southern Rhone?
Alluvial soils (sand, gravel, clay based) over a limestone subsoil
What is the required minimum ABV for CNDP?
12.5% (This is the highest in all of France)
What do AOP regulations of CNDP mandate to safeguard against under ripeness?
Producers must declassify or discard at least 2% of harvested grapes (“le rapé”)
Name the five promoted CdR villages
Rasteau, Gigondas, Vaqueyras, Beaumes de Venise, Vinsobres
What are the soils of Gigondas?
Red clay, alluvial
Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes de Venise and Vinsorbes all have a minimum ABV of ___%
12.5%
What is the only communal appellation exclusively for rose wines in France?
Tavel AOP
What are the wines of Tavel based on?
Grenache
Name the 2 appellations of Southern Rhone for vin doux naturel
Rasteau and Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
Describe the difference in wines from Rasteau and Muscat Beaumes de Venise
Muscat BDV is typically fresher and more aromatic whereas Rasteau wines show more tawny flavors
A label from Rasteau reads “ambre”. What does this indicate?
A WHITE VDN wine displaying more oxidative character and subject to at least 3 years of aging prior to release.
A label from Rasteau reads “tuile”. What does this indicate?
A RED VDN wine displaying more oxidative character and subject to at least 3 years of aging prior to release.
A label from Rasteau reads “blanc”. What does this indicate?
A white VDN wine that is fresher in nature
A label from Rasteau reads “grenat”. What does this indicate?
A red VDN wine that is fresher in nature
A label from Rasteau reads “Hors d’age”. What does this indicate?
a VDN wine that has been matured for at least 5 years prior to release
A label from Rasteau reads “rancio”. What does this indicate?
A VDN wine that has been deliberately made in an oxidative and maderized style and the wine has been left in open barrels, exposed to the sun and high temperatures
What Southern Rhone appellation was formerly considered part of the Lanuedoc? When did the transfer take place?
Costieres de Nimes in 2004
What style of wine and from what grape is Clairette de Bellegarde(S.R)?
Dry whites from 100% Clairette
Name the newest appellation in Southern Rhone. When was it added?
Duche d’Uzes in 2013
Blanc: Min. 40% Viognier, min. 30% Grenache Blanc, plus Clairette, Ugni Blanc, and a max. 20% combined Roussanne, Marsanne, and Vermentino
Rosé: Min. 50% Grenache Noir, min. 20% Syrah, plus Carignan, Cinsault, and Mourvèdre
Rouge: Min. 40% Syrah, min. 20% Grenache Noir, plus Carignan, Cinsault, and Mourvèdre
2 sections of Fitou AOP. What AOP are they within?
Fitou Maritime & Fitou Montagneux; Corbières
Unfortified red, white, and roses wines from Banyuls are labeled as:
Collioure AOP
Subzones of Languedoc?
Geographical Designations: Cabrières, Grés de Montpellier, La Méjanelle, Montpeyroux, Pézenas, Quatourze, Saint-Christol, Saint-Drézéry, Saint-Georges-d’Orques, Saint-Saturnin, Sommières
Where is St. Christol?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
Where is St. Drézéry?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
Where is St. Georges d’Orques?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
Where is La Méjanelle?
Sub-appellation of Gres de Montpellier in Languedoc
Where is Cabardes AOP?
Languedoc
Rosé/R: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer
Where is Malepere AOP?
Languedoc
Rosé: Min. 50% Cabernet Franc, min. 20% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsault, Cot, Grenache, and Merlot
Rouge: Min. 50% Merlot, min. 20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot; plus Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Lladoner Pelut
Where is Picpoul de Pinet AOP?
Languedoc
W: 100% Picpoul Blanc
Where is Collioure AOP?
Roussillon
Where is Rivesaltes AOP?
Roussillon
Where is Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP?
Roussillon
Where is Banyuls AOP/ MAURY AOP?
Roussillon
Where is Chatillon en Diois AOP?
Northern Rhone Valley
Where is Grignan-les-Adhemar AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Cotes du Vivarais AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Duche d’Uzes AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Vinsobres AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Costieres de Nimes AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Clairette de Bellegarde AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Luberon AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Ventoux AOP?
Southern Rhone Valley
Where is Bearn AOP?
Southwest France
Where is Bergerac AOP?
Southwest France
Where is Brulhois AOP?
Southwest France
Where is Buzet AOP?
Southwest France
Where is Coteaux du Quercy?
Southwest France
Where is Cotes de Montravel?
Southwest France
Where is Cotes du Marmandais?
Southwest France
Where is Cotes de Millau?
Southwest France
Where is Entraygues-Le Fel?
Southwest France
Where is Estaing?
Southwest France
Where is Floc de Gascogne?
Southwest France
Where is Fronton?
Southwest France
Where is Gaillac?
Southwest France
Where is Irouleguy?
Southwest France
Where is Juracon?
Southwest France
Where is Saint Mont?
Southwest France
Where is Saint-Sardos?
Southwest France
Where is Tursan?
Southwest France
Cremant de Limoux AOP?
Encépagement: Max. 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)
*Mousseux Blanc/Rosé