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CMS Advanced Somm Old > Burgundy General > Flashcards

Burgundy General Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the Napoleonic Code?

A
  1. Napoleon issued this code which required inheritance to be split equally among hiers
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2
Q

What are the practices of Métayage or Fermage?

A

M is sharecropping, he/she receives a portion of the yield.

F is land tenancy, the rent is paid annually in banknotes.

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3
Q

5 main wine growing region of Burgundy

A

Chablis, Côte d’Or, Côte Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Beaujolais

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4
Q

Côte d’Or: How long it is? Name the main city/town N and S What’s the general vineyard exposition?

A

60kms, Dijon to the north and the 3 Maranges to the South General exposition is East and South-East

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5
Q

What’s the Southernmost commune of the Côte de Nuit?

A

Corgoloin

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6
Q

On which department lies Chablis?

A

Yonne

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7
Q

On which department lies the Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Saône et Loire

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8
Q

On which departments lies Beaujolais?

A

Rhône

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9
Q

Where would you find the ‘Rock of Solutre’?

A

In Maconnais. It’s one of the most emblematic sites in The Saône et Loire

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10
Q

Synonim of Chardonnay in Beaune? What is its crossing?

A

Beaunois Crossing between PN X Gouais Blanc

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11
Q

Parentage of Aligote?

A

PN X Gouais Blanc

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12
Q

What is another name of Beurot grape?

A

Synonim of PG

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13
Q

Bourgogne AOP Departments and Styles (not subregions)

A

Dep of Yonne, Cote d’Or, Saône et Loire

*W-> Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, and a max. 30% Pinot Gris.

*Rosé-> Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris, plus a max. 15% mixed plantings of Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, and César (César is only allowed in the Yonne département, and up to a max. 10%).

R-> Pinot Noir, plus a max. 15% mixed plantings of Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, and César (César is only allowed in the Yonne département, and up to a max. 10% no more 49%). In the region of the Beaujolais Cru AOCs, Gamay(85%) may account for up to 30% of the vineyard.

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14
Q

Regional Subzones that can append their name to Bourgogne AOP (name 3)

A

CHITRY (Yonne) W/R/R

Cotes d’Auxerre (Yonne) W/R/R

Cote d’Or W/R

Cote Chalonnaise W/R/R

Cote de Couchois R

Côte Saint-Jacques (Joigny-Yonne) Lieudit W/R/R

Coulanges-la-Vineuse (Yonne) W/R/R

Epineuil (Yonne) R/R

Haute Cotes de Beaune W/R/R

Haute cotes de Nuits W/R/R

La Chapelle Notre-Dame,Ladoix-Serrigny (Côte d’Or) W/R/R Lieu Dit

Le Chapitre, Chênove (Côte d’Or) W/R/R Lieu Dit

Montrecul, Dijon (Côte d’Or) W/R/R Lieu Dit

Tonnerre (Yonne) W

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15
Q

Lieu Dits Subzones that can append their name to Bourgogne AOP

A

Cotes St Jacques (Y) W R R

La Chapelle Notre Dame W R R

Le Chapitre W R R

Montrecul W R R

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16
Q

Previous name of Coteaux Bourgignons AOP

A

Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AOP

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17
Q

Coteaux Bourguignons AOP: Which area does it cover? What style? Which are the primary grapes?

A

Same area and dep as Bourgogne AOP W R R

W: Aligote, Melon de Bourgogne, Chard, PB, PG

Rose: Gamay, Pn, PG, Cesar(only in Yonne)

Red: Gamay Pn Cesar(only Y)

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18
Q

Whats the percentage of Aligote in Bourgogne Aligote AOP?

A

100%

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19
Q

Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP: Style, Assemblage

A

R R Min 30% PN, Min 15% Gamay + mixed CH PB PG All covinified

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20
Q

Bourgogne Mousseaux AOP Style, Encep and Assembl, Method, Max RS?

A

Spk Rouge PN, Gamay, Cesar (Yonne only) + accessory (Acc can’t exceed 49%of Blend) Min Must wight 171 g/L Max Rs 2 g/L Trad Method, 9 months on lees min.

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21
Q

Cremant de Bourgogne Aop Style, Assemblage, Aging

A

SPK W and Rose Min 30% combined Ch, PG, PB, PN. Gamay max 20% M Weight 144 g/l aging 9m/12m

*Eminent : Ch, PN, Gamay, Aligote min 2 yrs on lees

*Grand Eminent: PN CH (max 20%gamay for rose only) 3yrs lees, option of vintage, only first 75% of press can be used, Dosage max 15 g/l.

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22
Q

Smallest Aop in France?

A

La Romanee 0.85

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23
Q

Smallest and Largest GC in Burgundy?

A

La Romanee 0.85, Corton AOP 160 ha

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24
Q

Do 1er cru vineyard own AOP status?

A

No, they are technically Geographical Designation appended onto the village AOP

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25
Q

Can 1er Cru be blended?

A

yes they can, but they need to be in the same village AOP to retain a generic 1er cru on the label. If two 1er cru from two different villages are blended, they will be using Bourgogne AOP on label.

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26
Q

Can Grand Cru be blended?

A

GC have their own AOPs. If blended, if from same village they can use the generic 1er cru (village). If 2 GC blended from different villages, it will be labeled Bourgogne AOP

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27
Q

What’s the soil of Burgundy?

A

Limestone predominantly, More marl in the cote de Beaune

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28
Q

What are the Côte in Burgundy?

A

Hills, Rising up to 400-500 m

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29
Q

Up to which elevation are vineyards planted in Burgundy? What’s the grade?

A

Up to 400 m High Up to 35%. GC vineyards are typically at 10%

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30
Q

What are the Combes?

A

Valleys. They are conduits for cool breezes and hailstorm

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31
Q

What was the last GC to be promoted?

A

La Grande Rue, Vosne Romanee 1992 Monopole of François LaMarche

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32
Q

What’s the modern name of the vineyard that was called “Clos de Cinq Journeaux”?

A

Modern-day Romanée Conti By the Benedictines

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33
Q

Which AOP is used by Comte George de Vogüé for his Musigny blanc?

A

From 2015, Musigny GC AOP with the previous vintage being 1993. From 1994 to 2014 the wine was sold as Bourgogne AOP due to replanting in the vineyard

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34
Q

What is a Hamlet?

A

Hamlet is the smallest form of settlement, often included administratively within the commune of a larger neighbouring town.

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35
Q

What’s an iconic example of Hamlet in Burgundy?

A

Blagny: Blagny is a village appellation located within Puligny-Montrachet and Mersault

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36
Q

Describe Lieu-dit

A

Nearly synonym of Climat. Part of vineyard or small geographical area bearing a traditional name.

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37
Q

Describe parcel

A

A single, continuous holding within a vineyard owned by one grower

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38
Q

What ‘Climat’ stands for?

A

Regulated by INAO ‘ a parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces’ More than 1200 in Burgundy

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39
Q

What the term Clos indicates?

A

A vineyard enclosed within a stone wall. Clos Vougeot -> largest, most famous

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40
Q

What are Chevets?

A

Water Channels

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41
Q

What are the Murgers ?

A

piles of Rocks removed from vineyards during planting vineyards

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42
Q

Under which monastic order some of the first ‘Clos’ appeared in Burgundy?

A

Under the Cistercian order ‘Clos Vougeot’ Clos de la Forge (now Clos de Tart) Clos de Lambrays Also Musigny, Richebourg, Montrachet were cultivated by the monks

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43
Q

What Philip the Bold duke decided in 1395?

A

He banned the cultivation of Gamay in Burgundy In the Summer of 35 he ordered growers to uproot Gamay by the following Easter, advocating plantings of. PN in Burgundy’s best vineyards

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44
Q

When was the Hospices Civile de Beaune founded?

A

In 1443 The hotel de Dieu was founded. In 1794 few charitable missions got put together under the Hosp.Civ.de B. Through Donations now the Domaine holds about 60HA of vineyards.

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45
Q

Since which year is the annual wine auction of L’Hospices de Beaune held?

A

Since 1859, on the 3rd Sunday of November during the Trois Glorieuses at Chateau Clos Vougeot. It’s a 3 days celebrations with auction on the second day and La Paulée de Mersault on the third

46
Q

What’s the particularity of the Sales during the auction from l’Hospices de Beaune’?

A

Nearly 4 dozens of red and white cubes are auctioned en primeur as whole barrels. The finished wine will carry the name and the cuvee of the Negociants elevateur From 2005 it is open to everyone

47
Q

Who is Claude Jomard?

A

In 1651 the Diocese of Langres awarded him with a perpetual lease on the climate of Chambertin- Clos de Bèze, that he brought back to health and life. In 1691, for the first time in Burgundy History a wine marked by climat arrived in the cellars of Paris.

48
Q

Which was the first wine marked by the name of the climat where was coming from in Burgundy?

A

Chambertin-Clos de Bèze in 1691

49
Q

In which year the classification of climat in Burgundy was firstly drowned ?

A

In 1831 by Denis Blaise-Morelot However in 1855 Jules Lavalle completed a detailed map Updated in 1860

50
Q

What was unique about the Jules Lavalle map?

A

His map established a quality hierarchy with tete de cuvee, 1er cuvee, deuxieme cuvee, troixieme cuvee His map focused on quality of the vineyards. The top climate started in fact to overshadow the village name. Many villages started to append the name of those vineyards to theirs

51
Q

What is Coupage ? Until when was allowed in Burgundy?

A

A blending practise allowed in Burgundy until 1919. Wines could be cutted with cheaper wines from anywhere else.

52
Q

Who is the largest landowner in the Côte d’Or?

A

Bouchard Père et Fils He is also a Negociants, with 130 ha owned Also Joseph Drouhin (70ha from Chablis to Cote Chalonnaise L. Jadot (150 ha, but not all within Cote d’Or

53
Q

When did Negociants appeared in Burgundy?

A

Early 1700 Maison Champy and Maison Claude Marey founded in the 1720s. Bouchard Pere et Fils founded in 1731

54
Q

When did the idea of Domaine bottling became a thing?

A

20th Century with Marquis d’Angerville, Tallot-Beaut , Henri-Gouges, Etienne Grivot, Armand Rousseau

55
Q

Which iconic vineyard didn’t get uprooted during Phylloxera in Burgundy?

A

The Romanee-Conti GC vineyard was not uprooted until 1945 vintage.

56
Q

What’s the most common training method in Burgundy?

A

Single Guyot A cane pruning bearing a cane and a spur

57
Q

What’s the common training method in Beaujolais?

A

Gobelet

58
Q

Which notable vineyards are exceptions to the classic east-west vineyard orientation?

A

Clos de Tart, Clos de Lambrays, La Romanee

59
Q

What’s the minimum plant density and spacing between vines in Burgundy villages AOPs?

A

No fewer than 9000plants per hectare and 1 X 1 m spacing between vines

60
Q

What’s the min density and spacing between rows in Chablis?

A

5500 plants per h and spacing of 1.5 and 1.65m However modern vineyards are planted at higher densities

61
Q

What’s the min planting per hectare in Beaujolais Cru?

A

6K, However many producers have 8k to 12k vines . From 2004 the space between vines has increased

62
Q

Which GC vineyard first appeared as a GC in 630?

A

Chambertin-Clos de Bèze

63
Q

Which was the 1st Biodynamic estate in Côte d’Or and which are some notably ones?

A

Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau in 1979 Notably Domaine Leroy, DRC, Leflaive, V Dauvissat, Comtes Lafon, Comte Armand

64
Q

What are the viticultural challenges in Burgundy?

A

Powdery and Downy Mildew Eutypa Dieback, Esca, Grey Rot Court-Noué (Fan leaf virus)

65
Q

Which vintages are blaming ladybugs for off flavours to wine in Burgundy?

A

2004 2011 L secret Pyrazines as Pheromones

66
Q

What is Court-Noué ?

A

Grapevine Fan leaf virus spread by soil nematodes

67
Q

What is Flavescence Dorée?

A

A bacteria spread by leafhoppers. Growth slowed , berries shrivel, leaves turn yellow, vine may die. There’s no cure It appeared in Burgundy in 2004

68
Q

Which Biodynamic producer publicly refused to spray chemicals on his vines due to a large grasshopper population?

A

Emmanuel Giboulot in Côte de Beaune

69
Q

Which are the main climate viticultural challenges in Burgundy?

A

Frost and Hail

70
Q

What are the Chaufferettes?

A

Diesel burning pots, designed to heat the vines at night. First appeared in Chablis in 1960s

71
Q

What is Couloure and Millerandage ?

A

Couloure is an uneven flowering pollination Millerandage is uneven fruit set (Uneven Berries)

72
Q

What is Prevignage?

A

Replanting with cuttings

73
Q

Name the two categories of PN that got selected for replanting in Burgundy in the 1960s

A

Pinot Droin-> highly yielding, upright growing vine Pinot Fin-> lower-yielding delivery concentrated juice Pd was the most popular at the time

74
Q

Where the Dijon clone originated from?

A

From cuttings at Domaine Ponsot, Clos de La Roche

75
Q

What is cold maceration?

A

(cold soak) Happens prior fermentation. Red grapes are crushed and kept on their skins for days (10 to 14 degrees) w sulfur addition to prevent fermentation while extracting colour . This produces less astringent tannins and enhance fruit aromatic in wines

76
Q

What’s the difference between Carbonic and Semi-Carbonic Maceration?

A

Carbonic Happens in seal vats. CO2 is added Semi-Carbonic: In open Vat. Whole clusters at the bottom of the vat will get crushed by the weight of the one above and they will begin fermenting releasing CO2 that will blanket the clusters above.

77
Q

At which abv % the intracellular activity will cease in carbonic maceration?

A

2%

78
Q

Name 2 high profile practitioners of whole clusters fermentation in Burgundy?

A

DRC and Dujac

79
Q

It’s Chaptalisation, Subtractive must enrichment or acidification illegal in Burgundy?

A

No, they all are legal. However it is illegal to chaptalise and acidify the same wine

80
Q

What is “subtractive must enrichement”?

A

An Illegal technique before 2009. It allows producers to remove water from the must up to 10%

81
Q

What is Premox?

A

Premature Oxidation

82
Q

What’s the most popular local tonnellerie used in Burgundy?

A

François Frère based in Saint Roman

83
Q

What’s the size of a Feuillettes?

A

132 L

84
Q

In which AOP in Burgundy Melon de Bourgogne is allowed as a main variety?

A

Coteaux Bourguignons AOP

85
Q

What’s the max percentage of PG in Bourgogne AOP?

A

PG max 30% in white Main variety in Rose’

86
Q

What’s the minimum percentage of Gamay in Bourgogne Gamay AOP?

A

min 85% (Gamay from Beaujolais cru)

87
Q

Bourgogne AOP commune sub zones: which colours are allowed?

A

Chitry W R R

Coulange La Vineuse W R R

Epineuil R R

Tonnère W

(All in Yonne)

88
Q

Bourgogne AOP Cote d’Or allow Rose?

A

No. Also, Côte de Couchois (Cote de Beaune) doesn’t allow it.

89
Q

What style is allowed in Côte de Couchois sub zone for Bourgogne AOP?

A

Red only. (10 Hectares only)

90
Q

Does Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP allows white?

A

No, Red and Rose only Pn (min 30%) and Gamay (min 15%) + accessory CH PB PG co vinified

91
Q

What’s the maximum allowed percentage of Gamay in Cremant de Bourgogne AOP?

A

20% In Grand Eminent only if Rose

92
Q

Where is Cote Saint-Jacques?

A

Joigny (Yonne)

93
Q

Where is La Chapelle Notre Dame?

A

Ladoix-Serrigny

94
Q

Where is Le Chapitre?

A

Chenove (between Marsannay and Dijon)

95
Q

Where is Montrecul?

A

Dijon

96
Q

How long must Cremant de Bourgogne and Bourgogne Mousseux be aged before release?

A

9mos en tirage for both. Bourgogne Mousseux may be released immediately, whereas Cremant de Bourgogne cannot be released before 1 year from tirage

97
Q

For what regional appellation is hand-harvesting mandatory?

A

Crémant de Bourgogne

98
Q

What are the requirements for Cote de Beaune-Villages wines?

A

Red only. Sourced from anywhere in the Cote de Beaune but Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton, and Beaune.

99
Q

Which three communal appellations in the Cote d’Or have no premier crus?

A

Marsannay

Chorey-les-Beaune

Saint-Romain

100
Q

What is délestage?

A

“Racking and returning” - pumping the fermenting wine out of the tank and pouring it back over the cap

101
Q

What is égrappage?

A

De-stemming

102
Q

Who founded La Paulée de Meursault?

A

Comte Jules Lafon, grandfather of Dominique Lafon

103
Q

Communes of Maranges

A

Cheilly-lès-Maranges

Dezize-lès-Maranges

Sampigny-lès-Maranges

104
Q

What law was passed in 1919?

A

The original Appellation d’Origine law, formally defining appellations.

105
Q

What is colluvium?

A

A mix of bedrock and soils slipped from the upper slope (the makeup of most of the Côte d’Or, or at least the 1er and Grand Cru sites).

106
Q

How many litres in a small barrel in Burgundy?

A

228l

107
Q

What were the worst years in burgundy in the 1980s?

A

1988 and 1987 (cold), 1986 were all tricky

108
Q

What were the best years in the 1980s in Burgundy?

A

1989 and 1985

109
Q

Name three monopole vineyards in Volnay and their owners?

A

Clos de la Barre- Jadot

Clos du Chateau des Ducs- Lefarge

Clos des Ducs- Marquis d’Angerville

Clos de la Cave des Ducs- Benjamin Leroux

110
Q

Grand Cru Chablis is what percentage minimum alcohol? And how does this compare to the Grand Crus of the Côte d’Or?

A

Grand Cru Chablis is 11% (1er cru 10.5, Village 10, and Petite is 9.5%)

Cote d’Or Grand Crus for Reds are all 11.5% and Whites are generally all 12%.

*EXCEPT for Criots, Bienvenue and Batard-Montrachet which are 11.5%.

111
Q

Which recent vintage has been affected by Oidium and mildew in Burgundy?

A

2008

112
Q

How many GC in Burgundy?

A
  • 33

(7 white, 2 both, 24 reds)

CMS Advanced Somm Old (42 decks)

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