Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Tumors of the Small and Large Bowel > Flashcards

Tumors of the Small and Large Bowel Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for SI adenocarcinoma?

A

Crohn’s disease
adenomas
celiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is GIST?

A

gastrointestinal stromal tumor
most common non-epithelial/soft tissue tumor in GI tract
derived from pacemaker cells (interstitial cells of cajal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is useful for treatmetn of GIST?

A

imatinib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the markers of GIST?

A

CD117 (c-kit)
DOG1
CD34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe carcinoid syndrome

A

vasomotor disturbances, intestinal hypermotility, wheezing, hepatomegaly, cardiac involvement
(increased serotonin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define non-neoplastic polyp

A

result of abnormal mucosal maturation, inflammation, distorted architecture
no malignant potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe neoplastic polyp

A

arise as a result of proliferatio nnad dysplasia (adenomas)

precursor of carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of non-neoplastic polyps?

A

hamartomatous
inflammatory
lymphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

benign w/no malig pot

composed of mature, histologically normal elements from that site growing in a disorganized manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are different types of hamatomatous polyps?

A

juvenile polyps
peutz jeghers polyps
cowden syndrome
cronkhite-canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Features of juvenile polyps?

A 
kids <5
80% in rectum
pedunculated
expanded lamina propria
hamartomatous
non-neoplastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What genes are associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome? other features?

A

SMAD4, BMPR1A
increased risk of adenomas
10-50% risk of colon cancer
multiple juvenile polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is peutz jeghers syndrome?

A

AD STK11
mutliple GI polyps
hyperigmentation of the mouth and fingers
increased risk of intussusception
increased risk of cancer of the pancreas, breast, lung, ovary, uterus
large and pedunculated, lots of goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cowden syndrome?

A 
AD
hamartomatous GI polyps
facial trichilemmomas, oral papillomas, acral keratoses
assoc risk of thyroid and breast cancer
polyps themselves no malig pot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is cronkhite-canada?

A

non hereditary
GI hamartomatous polyps
ectodermal abnormalities (nail atrophy, alopecia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are inflammatory polyps?

A

pseudopolyps-regenerating mucosa adjacent to ulceration (seen in severe IBD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are lymphoid polyps?

A

mucosal bumps caused by intramucosal lymphoid follicles-normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are serrated polyps?

A

smooth protrusions of mucosa usally at the top of mucosal fold
serrated lamina nad increased numbers of goblet cells
hyperpastic or sessile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which type of serrated polyp has malignant potential?

A

sessile serrated

BRAF V600E mutations

20
Q

What are adenomatous polyps? (adenomas)

A

Arise as a result of epithelial proliferative dysplasia
precursor lesions for adenocarcinoma
-tubular, villous, and tubulovillous adenoma
fourfold greater risk of developing adenomas among 1st deree relatives of pts w/ & risk of developing carcinoma

21
Q

Where are most tubular adenomas found?

A

colon

22
Q

What are villous adenomas?

A

villous projection
often large, sessile
older ppl in rectosigmoid
cancer invasion directly into colon wall

23
Q

What is the only adequate treatment for an adenoma?

A

complete resection

24
Q

What is the most common colorectal cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

-usually in rectosigmoid

25
Q

What are risk factors for colorectal cancer?

A

diet
obesity/inactivity
geography?

26
Q

What is right sided colon cancer usually like?

A

non obstructive
fatique, weakness, iron deficiency anemia
polypoid eophytic lesions

27
Q

What is left sided colon cancer usually like?

A

may be obstructive
occult bleeding, changes in bowel habit, abd discomfort
annular napkin ring constrictions
tend to be more infiltrative

28
Q

What gene(s) are often inactived in adenoma carcinoma pathway?

A

inactivated APC
if not inactivated APC B-catenin mutations
(leads to increased WNT signaling, decreased cell adhesion and increased cellular proliferation)
loss of p53 late

29
Q

What is the depth of invasion for TIS-T4

A 
TIS carcinoma in situ
T1 submucosa
T2 muscularis propria
T3 serosa
T4 other organs/structures
30
Q

What is the most important prognostic indicator of colorectal carcinoma?

A

Stage=T + M + N

31
Q

Where does colon cancer like to spread?

A

lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bones

32
Q

What is the major negative predictor of efficacy in EGFR moAB therapy?

A

KRAS mutation

BRAF mutation correlates with poor prognosis and lack of response

33
Q

Describe FAP

A

AD mutation of APC gene
>100 colonic adenomas
colon adenocarcinoma 100% of the time
prophylactic colectomy

34
Q

What is gardner’s syndrome?

A

FAP variant

adenomatous polyposis with osteomas, epidermoid cysts, desmoid tumros

35
Q

What is turcot syndrome?

A

FAP variant

adenomatous polyposis with medulloblastoma

36
Q

What is MAP?

A 
aka MYH associated polyposis
hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome that has phenotypic overlap w/FAP
20-100 adenomatous polyps usually
AR
due to mutations in MYH gene
presents older than FAP
37
Q

What does MYH protein do?

A

DNA repair protein-base excision repair

repairs oxidation induced DNA damage by removing A mis-paired with G

38
Q

What is lynch syndrome?

A

increased risk of colorectal & endometrial cancer in females (also SI, ureter, renal pelvis)
adenomas earlier than normal pop but in low nubers
microsatellite instability pathway, DNA mismatch repair genes busted

39
Q

What is Muir Torre syndrome?

A

a lynch syndrome variant

associated wtih multiple sebaceaous adenomas, sebaceous carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas

40
Q

What does microsatellite instability lead to?

A

accumulation of mutations in the genome

41
Q

What do microsatellites serve as sensitve markers of?

A

mistmatch repair function

-typically microsatellites are shorter in tumor tissue

42
Q

Is braf mutation seen in lynch syndrome?

A

No! never

43
Q

What are the 2 main types of anal canal carcinoma?

A

basaloid differentiation

squamous cell

44
Q

What is the most common tumor of the appendx?

A

carcinoid

45
Q

What is a mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma?

A

a mucous secreting epithelial tumor

creates mucoceles

46
Q

What is pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

“jelly belly”

mucin from mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma leaks into the peritoneal cavity and encases organs

GI (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions