Liver tests/normal values

Question 1

AST (SGOT) normal?

Answer 1

10-45 U/L

Question 2

ALT (SGPT) normal?

Answer 2

8-40 U/L

Question 3

Alkaline Phosphatase normal?

Answer 3

40-129 U/L

Question 4

Total Bilirubin normal?

Answer 4

0.2-1.0 mg/dL

Question 5

Direct Bilirubin normal?

Answer 5

0-0.2 mg/dL

Question 6

INR normal?

Answer 6

0.9-1.3

Question 7

Albumin normal?

Answer 7

3.5-5 g/dL

Question 8

GGT normal?

Answer 8

0-50 U/L

Question 9

What does elevated ALT & AST indicate?

Answer 9

hepatocyte injury, ALT is more specific than AST

Question 10

What does elevated alkaline phosphatase indicate?

Answer 10

biliary obstruction or cholestatic process

Question 11

Where is alkaline posphatase usually found?

Answer 11

on the surface of the liver cells that is adjacent to the bile canaliculi

Question 12

What does an elevated alkaline phosphatase with and elevated GGT indicate?

Answer 12

confirms reason for elevated alk phos elevation, if GGT also elevatd indicates a biliary cause
(hepatic, biliary tract, pancreas)

Question 13

What can increased direct (CB) bilirubin indicate?

Answer 13

liver injury
bile duct problems
rare metabolic problems

Question 14

What can increased indirect (UCB) bilirubin indicate?

Answer 14

hemolysis

Gilbert’s

Question 15

What do albumin and INR levels correspond to?

Answer 15

liver synthetic function

can be affected by poor nutrition and severe infections

Question 16

What does an ALT >500 indicate?

Answer 16

hepatitis A or B infection

Question 17

What does an AST:ALT ratio of >2:1 suggest?

Answer 17

alcoholic liver disease

Question 18

Transaminases usually remain below what level in alcoholic liver disease?

Answer 18

300

Question 19

What is cholestasis?

Answer 19

any condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is inhibited or blocked

Question 20

What are the 2 isoforms of AST?

Answer 20

GOT1-cytoplasmic
GOT2-mitochondrial
(both require PLP cofactor)

Question 21

What does ALT require as a cofactor?

Answer 21

PLP

Question 22

Which is more specific for hepatocellular damage: ALT or AST?

Answer 22

ALT

Question 23

Where is ALP found in the cell?

Answer 23

on the membrane

Question 24

What conditions, besides biliary/cholestatic processes can cause an elevated ALP?

Answer 24

bone disorders and during growth and pregnancy