Liver tests/normal values Flashcards
AST (SGOT) normal?
10-45 U/L
ALT (SGPT) normal?
8-40 U/L
Alkaline Phosphatase normal?
40-129 U/L
Total Bilirubin normal?
0.2-1.0 mg/dL
Direct Bilirubin normal?
0-0.2 mg/dL
INR normal?
0.9-1.3
Albumin normal?
3.5-5 g/dL
GGT normal?
0-50 U/L
What does elevated ALT & AST indicate?
hepatocyte injury, ALT is more specific than AST
What does elevated alkaline phosphatase indicate?
biliary obstruction or cholestatic process
Where is alkaline posphatase usually found?
on the surface of the liver cells that is adjacent to the bile canaliculi
What does an elevated alkaline phosphatase with and elevated GGT indicate?
confirms reason for elevated alk phos elevation, if GGT also elevatd indicates a biliary cause
(hepatic, biliary tract, pancreas)
What can increased direct (CB) bilirubin indicate?
liver injury
bile duct problems
rare metabolic problems
What can increased indirect (UCB) bilirubin indicate?
hemolysis
Gilbert’s
What do albumin and INR levels correspond to?
liver synthetic function
can be affected by poor nutrition and severe infections
What does an ALT >500 indicate?
hepatitis A or B infection
What does an AST:ALT ratio of >2:1 suggest?
alcoholic liver disease
Transaminases usually remain below what level in alcoholic liver disease?
300
What is cholestasis?
any condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is inhibited or blocked
What are the 2 isoforms of AST?
GOT1-cytoplasmic
GOT2-mitochondrial
(both require PLP cofactor)
What does ALT require as a cofactor?
PLP
Which is more specific for hepatocellular damage: ALT or AST?
ALT
Where is ALP found in the cell?
on the membrane
What conditions, besides biliary/cholestatic processes can cause an elevated ALP?
bone disorders and during growth and pregnancy
