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Kendigs > Tumors of the Chest > Flashcards

Tumors of the Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Most common benign lung tumors in pediatric population

A

Plasma cell granuloma /

Inflammatory pseudotumor
Inflammatory myofibrolastic tumor

Histiocytoma/
Fibrohistiocytoma

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2
Q

It affects 8-12 yo, mostly male
solitary peripherally based nodule

A

Plasma cell Granuloma

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3
Q

Carney Triad

A

Pulmo hamartoma
Gastric Smooth muscle tumor
EXTRaAdrenal PARAganglioma

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4
Q

It is the 2nd most common benign pulmo lesion in pedia

can be large causing distress

disorganized component of normal lung tissue (cartilage, epithelium, fat and muscle)

A

Hamartoma

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5
Q

Hamartoma usual location

A

peripheral

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6
Q

popcorn like calcification

A

Hamartoma

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7
Q

It is derived from mucous gland
usually benign but can be malignant
presenting with vague symptoms

A

Bronchial adenoma

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8
Q

3 histologic types of bronchial adenoma

A

Carcinoid
Cylindroma
Mucoepidermoid

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9
Q

Bronchial adenoma usually involves which bronchus

A

right main bronchus

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10
Q

Histo type of bronchial adenoma that is most aggressive and derived from mucous secreting cellsn

A

Cylindroma
(cuboidal or flattened epithelium)

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11
Q

Carcinoid (type 1) bronchial adenoma is derived from

A

neuroendocrine

“Kulitchsky cell”

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12
Q

It is a rare pulmonary tumor common among adolescents, usually asymptomatic but carries POOR prognosis and high mortality rate >90%

A

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

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13
Q

tumor which can present as central pulmonary mass with endobronch growth

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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14
Q

it is a rare pulmonary tumor from primitive interstitial mesenchyme

less than 6 yo

aggressive with HIGH rates of metastasis

A

PPB

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15
Q

Pathologic types of PBB

A

Cystic
Mixed
Solid

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16
Q

PPB usual location

A

right chest

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17
Q

familial component in PBB

A

Dicer1 gene

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18
Q

where do ppb mets

A

liver
brain
spinal cord

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19
Q

most common soft tissue benign lesion of chest wall is derived from

A

myofibroblast

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20
Q

benign soft tissue tumor presenting at brith which undergone spontaneous regression

A

infantile MYOfibromatosis

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21
Q

Soft tissue derived chest wall tumor which can extend through muscle

A

Desmoid fibromatosis

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22
Q

Benign chest wall tumor found at birth which grows intrathoracically causing respi sx

radiograph shows large calcification from one or more rib

no reports of malignant degeneration

A

Mesenchymal Hamartoma

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23
Q

**most common benign skeletal neoplasm
commonly asymptomatic
among puberty, pathologic fracture
near the end of long bones

A

osteochondroma

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24
Q

cartilage cap of osteochondroma may be seen in plain radiograph. risk of malignancy if it is ____ cm

A

more than 1 cm

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25
Q

common among males on their 30s
with internal growth, pain, palpable mass
slow growing

A

Chondrosarcoma

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26
Q

most common in the pediatric popn
behaving aggressively
during early teenage years

A

PNET
Ewings or Askins tumor

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27
Q

PNET is derived rrom

A

embryonal neural crest cells

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28
Q

Syndrome associated in pnet

A

Horner

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29
Q

radiograph fx of pnet

A

lytic destruction
effusion

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30
Q

pnet tx
year survival

A

chemo radio excision
2 and 6 yr

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31
Q

Most common mediastinal masses in children

3rd most common malignancy in children

A

Lymphoma

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32
Q

lymphomas are usually found in what comparent

A

anterior and middle mediastinum

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33
Q

peak incidence of lymphomas

A

8-14 yo

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34
Q

2/3 of lymphomas are hodgkin or non?

A

non hodgkins

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35
Q

95% presents with this sign

A

Lymph node enlargement

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36
Q

most frequent of the thymic lesion

A

hyperplasia of thymus

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37
Q

what can cause involution of thymus

A

steroids
infection
androgen
irradiation

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38
Q

at what age does thymus usually disappear

A

1 yo

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39
Q

it is a rare, thymic mass usually presenting 5th to 6th decade, with fibrous capsule

A

benign thymoma

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40
Q

It is a thymic lesion, cystic remnants of thymopharyngeal duct and manifests after 2 yo

may cause respi failure if between pyriform sinus and anterior mediastinum

2nd mc type of primary mediastinal cyst

A

Thymic Cyst

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41
Q

common among females
contains ECTOdermal tissue
more common than solid

A

Mediastinal DERMOID cyst

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42
Q

contains eCTO, ENDO, meso

A

Teratoid cyst

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43
Q

Benign cystic teratomas common location

A

Anterior mediastinum projecting to either hemithorax (right)

44
Q

Radiologically, benign cystic teratomas are

A

well outlined
sharp borders

cystic swelling suprasternal notch

45
Q

it presents with vague chest discomfort, cough, dyspnea, pneumonitis

sudden exacerbation of sx
rupture of mass with expectoration of hair

A

Benign cystic teratoma

46
Q

most common tumor occuring in the anterior mediastinum of infants and children

A

teratoma

47
Q

incidence of malignancy in solid teratoids

A

10-25%

48
Q

pre op serum studies

A

b hcg
cea
alpha feto

49
Q

connective tissue stroma is dense (adult type) with 3 germ layers. well formed appendages

A

benign solid teratoid tumors

50
Q

stroma is poorly arranged

A

Malignant teratomas

51
Q

Other term for embryonal tumors

A

non seminomatous germ cell tumor

52
Q

variety of germ cell tumor

A

seminomas
yolk sac carciboma
choriocarcinoma
embryonal carcinoma

all are malignant

53
Q

Most common tumor with posterior mediastinal origin (25 to 35% of all med tumors)

A

neurogenic mediastinal tumors

54
Q

neurogenic mediastinal tumors usually presents before what age

*10% of pediatric tumors

A

before 2 yo

55
Q

Tumors of sympathetic origin

A

Neuroblastoma

Gn - Ganglioneuroma
GnB - Ganglioneuroblastoma

Pheochromocytoma

56
Q

It is a malignant tumor of sympathetic origin arising from neural crest cell

A

neuroblastoma

57
Q

first indication of Nb

A

mets in bone, skin or LN

58
Q

better prognosis of Nb if presents before

good response to chemo

A

1 yo

59
Q

Radio findings of Neurogenic tumors sympathetic origin

A

round, oval
with calcifications(malignant)
posterior location
upper 2/3 of hemithorax extending locally

intercostal widening or deformation
vertebral involvement

60
Q

Usually presents after 2 yo
benign made up of mature ganglion cells
usually elongated extending vertebrae

A

Gn
Ganglioneuroma

61
Q

neurogenic tumor
tends to more rounded

A

neurofibroma

62
Q

usual location of chemodectoma

A

anterior

63
Q

Primary Mediastinal cysts

A

Bronchogenic / foregut duplication
Esophageal
gastroenteric

64
Q

Maier classification

A

Bronchogenic cysts

tracheal
hilar
carinal
esophageal
misc

65
Q

MC location of bronchogenic cyst

A

middle mediastinum

66
Q

Usually asymptomatic but may present with recurrent urti, vague feeling or chest discomfort, respi difficulty

A

bronchogenic cyst

67
Q

radio fx of bronchogenic cyst

A

single
smooth bordered
uniform density to cardiac

UNUSUAL calcification

68
Q

Fluoroscopic exam

A

moves with respiration (attached to tracheobronchial tree)

shape may alter

69
Q

location of bronchogenic cyst which may cause severe respi distress

A

just below the carina

compression of either one or both major bronchi

70
Q

male, with mild dysphagia
regurgitation

usually asymptomatic

NO communication to esophageal wall

located on the right side

A

esophageal duplication cyst

71
Q

When is the best time resect esophageal cyst

A

6 to 12 months

72
Q

Diagnostic test for esophageal cyst

A

barium esophagogram
(smooth indentation of the esophagus)

esophagoscopy
(indentation of normal mucosa by pliable, movable, extramucosal mass)

73
Q

2 types of esophageal cyst

A

NON cornified, Stratified squamous cell
(adult type) well definird muscularis mucosae, striated muscle

Ciliated cell (fetal type)

74
Q

Common among males and usually symptomatic (pressure sx, hemoptysis)

located posterior mediastinum
Against vertebrae

with attachments Posteriorly

later of posterior to esophagus

A

Gastroenteric cyst

75
Q

bowel like
stomach like

A

gastroenteric cyst

76
Q

Gastroenteric cysts maybe associated with other congenital anomalies like

A

vertebral (spina bifida, scoliosis)
mesenteric abnormalities

77
Q

better indication of nature and origin of gastroenteric cyst

A

well developed muscularis mucosae

2 or 3 main muscle coats

78
Q

gastric glands are common

A

gastroenteric cyst

79
Q

2 types of gastoenteric cysts

A

Acid secreting (functionally active)

cysts within the mucosa

80
Q

epithelium lining of gastroenteric can ge

A

ciliated columnar
to typical small intestinal

81
Q

Mediastinal tumor usually located anteriorly of cardiophrenic angles

A

pericardial coelomic cyst

82
Q

It is rare, usually asymptomatic, unilocular
thin walled

single layer of flat mesothelial cells (with attached adipose tissue)

A

pericardial coelomic cyst

83
Q

persistence of segments of ventral
parietal recess

A

pericardial coelomic cyst

84
Q

Intra thoracic meningocoeles may be associated with what syndrome

A

Von Recklinghausen disease

85
Q

These are not true mediastinal tumors or cysts

they are diverticuli of spinal meninges
protruding neuroforamen

A

Intrathoracic meningocoele

86
Q

Usual location of intrathoracic meningocoele

A

beneath the pleura

posterior medial thoracic gutter

87
Q

radiographic fx

A

regular intrathoracic density
well demarcated
in posterior sulcus

88
Q

what confirms the diagnosis of intrathoracic meningocoele

A

MRI or myelography

89
Q

tx for intrathoracic meningocoele

A

none unless symptomatic

90
Q

most commonly associated anomalies in intrathoracic meningocoeles

A

kyphosis
scoliosis
bone erosion or destruction

91
Q

2 distinct components of meningocoele walls

A

dura mater
arachnoida spinalis

92
Q

The only cardiac tumor with definite predilection for younger age group

but NOT a true neoplasm; area of developmental arrest

common in tuberous sclerois

may regress

A

Rhabdomyoma

93
Q

Most fommon primary heart tumor
any age onset
symptoms varies
can lead to cardiac failure

A

Myxoma

94
Q

most common location

A

atria
left

95
Q

origini of myxoma

A

atrial septum

96
Q

this tumor proliferates and projects to heart chambers

A

myxoma

97
Q

most common among primary neoplasm of the pericardium

A

cavernous hemangioma

arising from visceral pericardium

98
Q

histologic type of pericardial neoplasm

A

mesothelioma
sarcoma

99
Q

may occur at any age
does not proliferate into heart chamber
but INFILTRATES myocardial wall extending to pericardial cavity

A

primary sarcoma of the heart

100
Q

these are soft
lobulated
smoothly outlines mass

may attain considerable size without symptoms

A

cystic hygroma

101
Q

when does cystic hygroma become emergency

A

if spontaneous or post traum hemmorrhagic cyst extended causing tracheal compression

102
Q

tx

A

excision
sclerotherapy

103
Q

vascular lymphatic abnormalities of mediastinum usual location

A

upper portion of the thorax
anterior mediastinum

104
Q

it is rare, common among infants and children

consists of masses of dilated lymphatic channels containing lymph

lined with flat endothelium, multilocular

A

mediastinal lymphangiomas

105
Q

these can grow to very large size but benign, asymptomatic, does not mets but invasiveness and tendency to recur locally places them in the malignant group

A

lipoma
(76% intrathoracic)

106
Q

it arises from fetal embryonal fat
soft, yellow gray or white geay

confused wirh liposarcoma

rare benign
usually affects less than 3 yo

A

LipoBLASTOMa

Kendigs (24 decks)

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