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Kendigs > Tumors of the Chest > Flashcards

Tumors of the Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Most common benign lung tumors in pediatric population

A

Plasma cell granuloma /

Inflammatory pseudotumor
Inflammatory myofibrolastic tumor

Histiocytoma/
Fibrohistiocytoma

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2
Q

It affects 8-12 yo, mostly male
solitary peripherally based nodule

A

Plasma cell Granuloma

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3
Q

Carney Triad

A

Pulmo hamartoma
Gastric Smooth muscle tumor
EXTRaAdrenal PARAganglioma

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4
Q

It is the 2nd most common benign pulmo lesion in pedia

can be large causing distress

disorganized component of normal lung tissue (cartilage, epithelium, fat and muscle)

A

Hamartoma

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5
Q

Hamartoma usual location

A

peripheral

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6
Q

popcorn like calcification

A

Hamartoma

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7
Q

It is derived from mucous gland
usually benign but can be malignant
presenting with vague symptoms

A

Bronchial adenoma

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8
Q

3 histologic types of bronchial adenoma

A

Carcinoid
Cylindroma
Mucoepidermoid

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9
Q

Bronchial adenoma usually involves which bronchus

A

right main bronchus

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10
Q

Histo type of bronchial adenoma that is most aggressive and derived from mucous secreting cellsn

A

Cylindroma
(cuboidal or flattened epithelium)

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11
Q

Carcinoid (type 1) bronchial adenoma is derived from

A

neuroendocrine

“Kulitchsky cell”

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12
Q

It is a rare pulmonary tumor common among adolescents, usually asymptomatic but carries POOR prognosis and high mortality rate >90%

A

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

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13
Q

tumor which can present as central pulmonary mass with endobronch growth

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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14
Q

it is a rare pulmonary tumor from primitive interstitial mesenchyme

less than 6 yo

aggressive with HIGH rates of metastasis

A

PPB

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15
Q

Pathologic types of PBB

A

Cystic
Mixed
Solid

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16
Q

PPB usual location

A

right chest

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17
Q

familial component in PBB

A

Dicer1 gene

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18
Q

where do ppb mets

A

liver
brain
spinal cord

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19
Q

most common soft tissue benign lesion of chest wall is derived from

A

myofibroblast

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20
Q

benign soft tissue tumor presenting at brith which undergone spontaneous regression

A

infantile MYOfibromatosis

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21
Q

Soft tissue derived chest wall tumor which can extend through muscle

A

Desmoid fibromatosis

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22
Q

Benign chest wall tumor found at birth which grows intrathoracically causing respi sx

radiograph shows large calcification from one or more rib

no reports of malignant degeneration

A

Mesenchymal Hamartoma

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23
Q

**most common benign skeletal neoplasm
commonly asymptomatic
among puberty, pathologic fracture
near the end of long bones

A

osteochondroma

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24
Q

cartilage cap of osteochondroma may be seen in plain radiograph. risk of malignancy if it is ____ cm

A

more than 1 cm

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25
common among males on their 30s with internal growth, pain, palpable mass slow growing
Chondrosarcoma
26
most common in the pediatric popn behaving aggressively during early teenage years
PNET *Ewings or Askins tumor*
27
PNET is derived rrom
embryonal neural crest cells
28
Syndrome associated in pnet
Horner
29
radiograph fx of pnet
lytic destruction effusion
30
pnet tx year survival
chemo radio excision 2 and 6 yr
31
Most common mediastinal masses in children 3rd most common malignancy in children
Lymphoma
32
lymphomas are usually found in what comparent
anterior and middle mediastinum
33
peak incidence of lymphomas
8-14 yo
34
2/3 of lymphomas are hodgkin or non?
non hodgkins
35
95% presents with this sign
Lymph node enlargement
36
most frequent of the thymic lesion
hyperplasia of thymus
37
what can cause involution of thymus
steroids infection androgen irradiation
38
at what age does thymus usually disappear
1 yo
39
it is a rare, thymic mass usually presenting 5th to 6th decade, with fibrous capsule
benign thymoma
40
It is a thymic lesion, cystic remnants of thymopharyngeal duct and manifests after 2 yo may cause respi failure if between pyriform sinus and anterior mediastinum 2nd mc type of primary mediastinal cyst
Thymic Cyst
41
common among females contains ECTOdermal tissue more common than solid
Mediastinal DERMOID cyst
42
contains eCTO, ENDO, meso
Teratoid cyst
43
Benign cystic teratomas common location
Anterior mediastinum projecting to either hemithorax (right)
44
Radiologically, benign cystic teratomas are
well outlined sharp borders cystic swelling suprasternal notch
45
it presents with vague chest discomfort, cough, dyspnea, pneumonitis sudden exacerbation of sx rupture of mass with expectoration of hair
Benign cystic teratoma
46
most common tumor occuring in the anterior mediastinum of infants and children
teratoma
47
incidence of malignancy in solid teratoids
10-25%
48
pre op serum studies
b hcg cea alpha feto
49
connective tissue stroma is dense (adult type) with 3 germ layers. well formed appendages
benign solid teratoid tumors
50
stroma is poorly arranged
Malignant teratomas
51
Other term for embryonal tumors
non seminomatous germ cell tumor
52
variety of germ cell tumor
seminomas yolk sac carciboma choriocarcinoma embryonal carcinoma all are malignant
53
Most common tumor with posterior mediastinal origin (25 to 35% of all med tumors)
neurogenic mediastinal tumors
54
neurogenic mediastinal tumors usually presents before what age *10% of pediatric tumors
before 2 yo
55
Tumors of sympathetic origin
Neuroblastoma Gn - Ganglioneuroma GnB - Ganglioneuroblastoma Pheochromocytoma
56
It is a malignant tumor of sympathetic origin arising from neural crest cell
neuroblastoma
57
first indication of Nb
mets in bone, skin or LN
58
better prognosis of Nb if presents before good response to chemo
1 yo
59
Radio findings of Neurogenic tumors sympathetic origin
round, oval with calcifications(malignant) posterior location upper 2/3 of hemithorax extending locally intercostal widening or deformation vertebral involvement
60
Usually presents after 2 yo benign made up of mature ganglion cells usually elongated extending vertebrae
Gn Ganglioneuroma
61
neurogenic tumor tends to more rounded
neurofibroma
62
usual location of chemodectoma
anterior
63
Primary Mediastinal cysts
Bronchogenic / foregut duplication Esophageal gastroenteric
64
Maier classification
Bronchogenic cysts tracheal hilar carinal esophageal misc
65
MC location of bronchogenic cyst
middle mediastinum
66
Usually asymptomatic but may present with recurrent urti, vague feeling or chest discomfort, respi difficulty
bronchogenic cyst
67
radio fx of bronchogenic cyst
single smooth bordered uniform density to cardiac UNUSUAL calcification
68
Fluoroscopic exam
moves with respiration (attached to tracheobronchial tree) shape may alter
69
location of bronchogenic cyst which may cause severe respi distress
just below the carina compression of either one or both major bronchi
70
male, with mild dysphagia regurgitation usually asymptomatic NO communication to esophageal wall located on the right side
esophageal duplication cyst
71
When is the best time resect esophageal cyst
6 to 12 months
72
Diagnostic test for esophageal cyst
barium esophagogram (smooth indentation of the esophagus) esophagoscopy (indentation of normal mucosa by pliable, movable, extramucosal mass)
73
2 types of esophageal cyst
NON cornified, Stratified squamous cell (adult type) well definird muscularis mucosae, striated muscle Ciliated cell (fetal type)
74
Common among males and usually symptomatic (pressure sx, hemoptysis) located posterior mediastinum Against vertebrae with attachments Posteriorly later of posterior to esophagus
Gastroenteric cyst
75
bowel like stomach like
gastroenteric cyst
76
Gastroenteric cysts maybe associated with other congenital anomalies like
vertebral (spina bifida, scoliosis) mesenteric abnormalities
77
better indication of nature and origin of gastroenteric cyst
well developed muscularis mucosae 2 or 3 main muscle coats
78
gastric glands are common
gastroenteric cyst
79
2 types of gastoenteric cysts
Acid secreting (functionally active) cysts within the mucosa
80
epithelium lining of gastroenteric can ge
ciliated columnar to typical small intestinal
81
Mediastinal tumor usually located anteriorly of cardiophrenic angles
pericardial coelomic cyst
82
It is rare, usually asymptomatic, unilocular thin walled single layer of flat mesothelial cells (with attached adipose tissue)
pericardial coelomic cyst
83
persistence of segments of ventral parietal recess
pericardial coelomic cyst
84
Intra thoracic meningocoeles may be associated with what syndrome
Von Recklinghausen disease
85
These are not true mediastinal tumors or cysts they are diverticuli of spinal meninges protruding neuroforamen
Intrathoracic meningocoele
86
Usual location of intrathoracic meningocoele
beneath the pleura posterior medial thoracic gutter
87
radiographic fx
regular intrathoracic density well demarcated in posterior sulcus
88
what confirms the diagnosis of intrathoracic meningocoele
MRI or myelography
89
tx for intrathoracic meningocoele
none unless symptomatic
90
most commonly associated anomalies in intrathoracic meningocoeles
kyphosis scoliosis bone erosion or destruction
91
2 distinct components of meningocoele walls
dura mater arachnoida spinalis
92
The only cardiac tumor with definite predilection for younger age group but NOT a true neoplasm; area of developmental arrest common in tuberous sclerois may regress
Rhabdomyoma
93
Most fommon primary heart tumor any age onset symptoms varies can lead to cardiac failure
Myxoma
94
most common location
atria left
95
origini of myxoma
atrial septum
96
this tumor proliferates and projects to heart chambers
myxoma
97
most common among primary neoplasm of the pericardium
cavernous hemangioma arising from visceral pericardium
98
histologic type of pericardial neoplasm
mesothelioma sarcoma
99
may occur at any age does not proliferate into heart chamber but INFILTRATES myocardial wall extending to pericardial cavity
primary sarcoma of the heart
100
these are soft lobulated smoothly outlines mass may attain considerable size without symptoms
cystic hygroma
101
when does cystic hygroma become emergency
if spontaneous or post traum hemmorrhagic cyst extended causing tracheal compression
102
tx
excision sclerotherapy
103
vascular lymphatic abnormalities of mediastinum usual location
upper portion of the thorax anterior mediastinum
104
it is rare, common among infants and children consists of masses of dilated lymphatic channels containing lymph lined with flat endothelium, multilocular
mediastinal lymphangiomas
105
these can grow to very large size but benign, asymptomatic, does not mets but invasiveness and tendency to recur locally places them in the malignant group
lipoma (76% intrathoracic)
106
it arises from fetal embryonal fat soft, yellow gray or white geay confused wirh liposarcoma rare benign usually affects less than 3 yo
LipoBLASTOMa

Kendigs (24 decks)

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