Down Syndrome Flashcards
Histopath findings of DS
acinar dysplasia
acinar hypoplasia (low radial count)
enlarged alveoli
subpleaural cyst (cuboidal) 1-2mm
diffuse, uniform porous pattern
most common cause of admission
CHD>pneumonia>bronchitis>bronchiolitis
contributing factors to pulmo infection in DS
decreased pulmonary reserve
thoracic cage malformation
Most common endoscopic findings in DS
tracheobronchomalacia
narrowing of trachea
above trachea
below vocal folds (1 to 2 mm)
upper airway anomalies in DS
higher tongue to skeletal size ratio
poor prognosis in DS
sepsis
hypotheses in immune dysfunction
overexpression of genes on chromosome 21
accelerated aging and zinc deficiency
immune function in DS
antibody: decreased IgA in saliva (total and specific)
cell numbers: absence of normal lymphocyte expansion
anatomic: reduced thymus size
innate: decreased neutrophil chemotaxis
hallmark of Lower RTI in DS
cough
fever
most prominent sx in DS in LRTI
vomiting
recognized sign of DS
fetal pleural effusion
clue to diagnosis in ds with IPH (idiopathic pulmo hemosiderosis)
recurrent anemia
CXR findings in DS
lobar consolidation (RSV)
CT scan fx in DS
subpleural cyst <4mm
complete tracheal ring
features of newborn chest radiograph predictive of trisomy 21
11 pairs of ribs
bell shaped
multiple manubrial ossification center
lung function in DS with obesity
reduced FRC
factors that increase risk of PH
reduced alveolar count
reduced pulmo vascular bed
abnormal fetal capillary network
MC GI manifestation of DS
Duodenal atresia
hirshsprung
EA (inc respi sx) +- TEF
Pyloric stenosis
associated with PH
Atrioventricular septal defect
when to check ig levels in DS
recurrent rti
sepsis
4 infections over 6 months
cardiac dx leading to Pulmonary edema
pulmo VENOUS hpn
dec lymphatic flow
L to R shunt
pulmo complications of cardiac surgery
