Down Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Histopath findings of DS

A

acinar dysplasia
acinar hypoplasia (low radial count)

enlarged alveoli

subpleaural cyst (cuboidal) 1-2mm

diffuse, uniform porous pattern

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2
Q

most common cause of admission

A

CHD>pneumonia>bronchitis>bronchiolitis

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3
Q

contributing factors to pulmo infection in DS

A

decreased pulmonary reserve
thoracic cage malformation

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4
Q

Most common endoscopic findings in DS

A

tracheobronchomalacia

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5
Q

narrowing of trachea

A

above trachea
below vocal folds (1 to 2 mm)

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6
Q

upper airway anomalies in DS

A

higher tongue to skeletal size ratio

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7
Q

poor prognosis in DS

A

sepsis

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8
Q

hypotheses in immune dysfunction

A

overexpression of genes on chromosome 21

accelerated aging and zinc deficiency

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9
Q

immune function in DS

A

antibody: decreased IgA in saliva (total and specific)

cell numbers: absence of normal lymphocyte expansion

anatomic: reduced thymus size

innate: decreased neutrophil chemotaxis

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10
Q

hallmark of Lower RTI in DS

A

cough
fever

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11
Q

most prominent sx in DS in LRTI

A

vomiting

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12
Q

recognized sign of DS

A

fetal pleural effusion

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13
Q

clue to diagnosis in ds with IPH (idiopathic pulmo hemosiderosis)

A

recurrent anemia

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14
Q

CXR findings in DS

A

lobar consolidation (RSV)

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15
Q

CT scan fx in DS

A

subpleural cyst <4mm
complete tracheal ring

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16
Q

features of newborn chest radiograph predictive of trisomy 21

A

11 pairs of ribs

bell shaped

multiple manubrial ossification center

17
Q

lung function in DS with obesity

A

reduced FRC

18
Q

factors that increase risk of PH

A

reduced alveolar count

reduced pulmo vascular bed

abnormal fetal capillary network

19
Q

MC GI manifestation of DS

A

Duodenal atresia
hirshsprung
EA (inc respi sx) +- TEF
Pyloric stenosis

20
Q

associated with PH

A

Atrioventricular septal defect

21
Q

when to check ig levels in DS

A

recurrent rti
sepsis
4 infections over 6 months

22
Q

cardiac dx leading to Pulmonary edema

A

pulmo VENOUS hpn
dec lymphatic flow
L to R shunt

23
Q

pulmo complications of cardiac surgery

A
24
Q
A