PFT in infants and children

Question 1

Unsedated infant should be tested on

Answer 1

NON rem sleep

Question 2

tests for neonates and preterm

Answer 2

SOT
LFOT - Low frequency Forced Oscillometry test

Question 3

more than 2 yo should not be sedated
test favorable is

Answer 3

tidal breathing (pre school)

Question 4

estimates ALL gas compartments (including nonnventilating)

but UNRELIABLE in severe obstruction (frc overestimated)

Answer 4

Pletysmograph

*children above 6 yo

Question 5

does not require sedation

but measures ONLY the communicating compartments

feasible for young children

Answer 5

Gas dilution

underestimated if with air trapping

Question 6

in FRCp, it is best to occlude the airways of infants at the

Answer 6

end of inspiration

Question 7

volume of lungs at maximum inspiraton

Answer 7

TLC

VC plus RV

Question 8

most frequently reported lung function in older children

Answer 8

FRC, RV, TLC

Question 9

Most common MBW in preschool

Answer 9

Nitrogen washout
pure oxygen

Question 10

FRCg acceptability

Answer 10

3 recordings within 15% from each other

Question 11

autoimmune pft

Answer 11

restrictive

dlco decreased
decreased RV, TLV, FRC

Question 12

bronchiectasis pft
(hyperinflation)

Answer 12

increased frc, rv, and tlc

Question 13

CO measurement

Answer 13

pressure difference bet PAco and PaCO (artery)

Question 14

increased dlco

Answer 14

exercise

Question 15

other causes of INCREASED dlco

Answer 15

inc intrathoracic pressure (mueller) - inc alveolar surface

just before menses (lowest value on 3rd day)

polycythemia

left to right cardiac shunts

Question 16

DLCO dec

Answer 16

cigarette smoke
pulmo emboli

uneven vq
(underestimated in severe airway obstruction)

Question 17

measure forced expiration in infants is not possible hence flow vol curve can be obtained by

Answer 17

RTC during tidal breating
RV RTC inflation of lungs to TLC

Question 18

difference between pleural and mouth pressure

Answer 18

TRANSpulmonary pressure

Question 19

at low lung volume, flow

Answer 19

can not increase any further

(vs high lung volume, flow increased easily with the driving pressure)

Question 20

expiratory FLOW drops

Answer 20

FASTER with expiratory vol
(diagram is concave, lung emptying is delayed)

Question 21

most commonly measured

Answer 21

fev1

Question 22

if expiration is long. enough, fev1 may be accepted while

Answer 22

FVC and MMEF and flows at fixed lung volume is not valid for pre school children

Question 23

emptying of lung is ______ in children

Answer 23

faster

Question 24

most common reason of unsuccessful test

Answer 24

premature termination

Question 25

what can be reported in RTC and RV RTC

Answer 25

maximum flow at FRC FVC FEV 0.4/0.5 FEav 0.5/FVC (RV RTC)

Question 26

main drawbacks in RTC

Answer 26

sedation (minimal influence in nasal pathway)

Question 27

A partial flow volume curve can be reported patient is sedated breathe through pneumatochograph or ultrasonic flow attached to facemask

Answer 27

RTC

Question 28

main outcome reported in RTC

Answer 28

max flow at FRC

Question 29

advantage over RV RTC

Answer 29

lack of unpredictable and variable effects of lung inflation

Question 30

it has a valve separating in and expiration

Answer 30

rv rtc

Question 31

difference between max ex flow and tidal breathing

Answer 31

expiratory flow reserve

Question 32

sensitive MMMMarker of early disease

Answer 32

MMEF

Question 33

more Sensitive INDICATORRRRRRR of ealry disease than fev1

Answer 33

RRRRRatio fev1/fvc

Question 34

in obstructive lung disease, fvc is

Answer 34

normal or INCREASED

Question 35

CF patient to be place on lung transplant list has to reach fev1

Answer 35

less than 30%

Question 36

lower values in young wheezy and asthmatic children

Answer 36

fev 0.5 and fev 0.75

Question 37

positive bdr

Answer 37

more than 12 % or 200 ml improvement in fev1

Question 38

biggest potentionalbto detect positive BDR 3-6 yo

Answer 38

fev 0.75

Question 39

chosen alternative lung function test in pre school children unable to do spirometry

Answer 39

respiratory resistance *relationship between pressure and flow

Question 40

relationship bet pressure and VOLUME *ability to expand tissue

Answer 40

compliance

Question 41

most impt properties of respi system

Answer 41

compliance and resistance

Question 42

reciprocal of respiratory elastance

Answer 42

respiratory compliance

Question 43

measure of resistance and compliance

Answer 43