Tumors, cancers, and cysts Flashcards by Abbie Spencer

adenoma

tumor of glandular tissue

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aneurismal bone cyst

benign bone tumor
metaphyseal/diaphyseal
eccentric
“Blister of Bone”

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benign tumors

encapsulated
short zone of transition
asymptomatic (usually)

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brown’s tumor

tumor-shaped radiolucency due to loss of bone density from hyperparathyroidism (PTH)

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Burkett’s lymphoma

starry sky appearance
jaw mass
central african child
epstein barr virus

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cachexia

wasting away

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carcinoma

cancer of the epithelial tissue

usually spreads by lymph system

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carcinoma in situ

cancer that has not invaded basement membrane

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cervical cancer

HPV 16 virus implicated

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chondroblastoma

benign tumor

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chondroma

benign tumor of cartilage

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chordoma

cancer that is most commonly seen in sacrum

crosses joints

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colorectal cancer

most commonly found in US

due to processed diets

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cryptorchidism

absence of one or both testicles in scrotum (failure of descent of the testes)
can cause testicular cancer

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enchondroma

ollier’s disease

benign hand tumor
stippled calcification
2+ enchondromas= multiple enchondromatosis
enchondromatosis+soft tissue swelling+bone deformity= Maffuci’s syndrome

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ewings sarcoma

multi laminated (onion skin appearance) periosteal reaction
cortical saucerization
children 10-25
moth eaten appearance in medulla–> mimics osteomyelitis

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fibroadenoma of breast

m/c breast tumor

associated with estrogens

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fibroma

myxomatous tissue

spindled and polyhedral cells

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fibrous dysplasia

benign tumor, group glass appearance
cafe au lait 
"coast of maine" 
w/ early puberty= Albrights disease
monostotic form="rind sign" "rind of sclerosis"

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giant cell tumor

tumor of osteoclasts
osteoclastoma
mc in knee
quasi-malignant
age 20-40
epiphyseal/metaphyseal

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hemangioma

benign tumor of blood vessels

most commonly found in spine

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hepatocellular liver cancer

most common primary liver cancer aka hepatoma

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histiocytosis X

“Hans-Schuller-Christian disease”
:histolytic granuloma”
:eosinophilic Granuloma”
lipid accumulates–> vertebra plana

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Pel-Epstein fever
Reed Sternberg cells
hepatosplenomegaly
enlarged lymph nodes
increase IgE

Krukenber's

cancer of stomach that metastasizes to ovaries | signet ring cell tumor

Leiomyoma

Tumor of smooth muscle | fibroids in uterus

Leukoplakia

white patch on oral mucosa from tobacco | cannot be wiped of (precancerous)

lipoma

fatty tumor

lung cancer | adenocarcinoma

mc with non smokers | best prognosis

lung cancer | oat cell and small cell

worst prognosis

lung cancer | squamous cell

most common in smokers

can get lung cancer from

arsenic poisoning | arsenic in treated wood

malignant tumors

non-encapsulated long zone of transition pain at night=deep and boring weightloss

metastasis

most common form of cancer in bones | axial and appendicular skeleton

morton's neuroma

between heads of 3-4 metatarsals | schwanoma (onion bulb tumor)

multiple myeloma

``` aka-plasma cell leukemia/sarcoma mc primary bone malignancy in adults amyloid buildup inclusion bodies=Russell Bodies xray- "Punched out lesions" raindrop skull Lab: IgG m-spike, bence jones pretinurea, reverse A/G ratio, rouleaux formation, M-spike on immunophoresis, normocytic, normochromic anemia, elevated ESR ```

Myxoma

most common benign cardiac tumor and most common cardiac tumor

neurofibromatosis

aka "Von Recklinhausen's disease" cafe au last spots "Coast of California

osteoblastoma

mc seen in neural arch | age 10-30

osteochondroma

mc benign tumor of extremities 2 types: sessile "bump in the bone" or pedunculated (cartilaginous cap appearance, coat hanger's exostosis, mushroom projection) multiple osteochondromas= hereditary multiple exostosis (HME)

osteoid osteoma | OH OH

pain worse at night relieved by aspirin 15-25 radiolucent nidus with reactive sclerosis

osteoma

mc benign tumor of the skull | mc in frontal sinus (frontal bone)

osteomyelitis

brodie's abscess if chronic sequestrum, involucrum, cloaca mcc staph aureus

osteosarcoma

most common primary bone cancer in children | 10-30

pancreatic cancer

worst prognosis very painful less than one percent survival rate

papilloma

associated with warts

pheochromaocytoma

neuroblastoma benign tumor of adrenal medulla causes episodic hypertension

polycystic ovary disease

anovulation obesity hirsutism XS hair on body and face

rhabdomyoma

tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle

sarcoma

cancer of connective tissue | usually spread by vascular system

seminoma

cancer of testes most common cause of testicular cancer mesenchymal/stem cells

simple/unicameral bone cyst

``` "SBC or UBC benign bone tumor metaphyseal/diaphyseal concentric "fallen fragment sign" age ```

stomach cancer

mc in lesser curvature "leather bottle" shaped stomach presentation (adenocarcinoma)

Teratoma

tumor of all 3 germinal layers | tetrology is the study of monsters

virchow's noes

enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes due to metastasis usually GI tract usually left side supraclavicular lymph nodes indicates GI or stomach cancer

xanthoma

yellow tumor of connective tissue