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Pathology (Boards) > Tumors, cancers, and cysts > Flashcards

Tumors, cancers, and cysts Flashcards

1
Q

adenoma

A

tumor of glandular tissue

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2
Q

aneurismal bone cyst

A

benign bone tumor
metaphyseal/diaphyseal
eccentric
“Blister of Bone”

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3
Q

benign tumors

A

encapsulated
short zone of transition
asymptomatic (usually)

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4
Q

brown’s tumor

A

tumor-shaped radiolucency due to loss of bone density from hyperparathyroidism (PTH)

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5
Q

Burkett’s lymphoma

A

starry sky appearance
jaw mass
central african child
epstein barr virus

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6
Q

cachexia

A

wasting away

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7
Q

carcinoma

A

cancer of the epithelial tissue

usually spreads by lymph system

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8
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancer that has not invaded basement membrane

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9
Q

cervical cancer

A

HPV 16 virus implicated

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10
Q

chondroblastoma

A

benign tumor

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11
Q

chondroma

A

benign tumor of cartilage

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12
Q

chordoma

A

cancer that is most commonly seen in sacrum

crosses joints

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13
Q

colorectal cancer

A

most commonly found in US

due to processed diets

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14
Q

cryptorchidism

A

absence of one or both testicles in scrotum (failure of descent of the testes)
can cause testicular cancer

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15
Q

enchondroma

ollier’s disease

A

benign hand tumor
stippled calcification
2+ enchondromas= multiple enchondromatosis
enchondromatosis+soft tissue swelling+bone deformity= Maffuci’s syndrome

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16
Q

ewings sarcoma

A

multi laminated (onion skin appearance) periosteal reaction
cortical saucerization
children 10-25
moth eaten appearance in medulla–> mimics osteomyelitis

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17
Q

fibroadenoma of breast

A

m/c breast tumor

associated with estrogens

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18
Q

fibroma

A

myxomatous tissue

spindled and polyhedral cells

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19
Q

fibrous dysplasia

A 
benign tumor, group glass appearance
cafe au lait 
"coast of maine" 
w/ early puberty= Albrights disease
monostotic form="rind sign" "rind of sclerosis"
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20
Q

giant cell tumor

A 
tumor of osteoclasts
osteoclastoma
mc in knee
quasi-malignant
age 20-40
epiphyseal/metaphyseal
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21
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor of blood vessels

most commonly found in spine

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22
Q

hepatocellular liver cancer

A

most common primary liver cancer aka hepatoma

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23
Q

histiocytosis X

A

“Hans-Schuller-Christian disease”
:histolytic granuloma”
:eosinophilic Granuloma”
lipid accumulates–> vertebra plana

24
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A 
Pel-Epstein fever
Reed Sternberg cells
hepatosplenomegaly
enlarged lymph nodes
increase IgE
25
Q

Krukenber’s

A

cancer of stomach that metastasizes to ovaries

signet ring cell tumor

26
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Tumor of smooth muscle

fibroids in uterus

27
Q

Leukoplakia

A

white patch on oral mucosa from tobacco

cannot be wiped of (precancerous)

28
Q

lipoma

A

fatty tumor

29
Q

lung cancer

adenocarcinoma

A

mc with non smokers

best prognosis

30
Q

lung cancer

oat cell and small cell

A

worst prognosis

31
Q

lung cancer

squamous cell

A

most common in smokers

32
Q

can get lung cancer from

A

arsenic poisoning

arsenic in treated wood

33
Q

malignant tumors

A

non-encapsulated
long zone of transition
pain at night=deep and boring
weightloss

34
Q

metastasis

A

most common form of cancer in bones

axial and appendicular skeleton

35
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

between heads of 3-4 metatarsals

schwanoma (onion bulb tumor)

36
Q

multiple myeloma

A 
aka-plasma cell leukemia/sarcoma
mc primary bone malignancy in adults
amyloid buildup
inclusion bodies=Russell Bodies
xray- "Punched out lesions"
raindrop skull
Lab: IgG m-spike, bence jones pretinurea, reverse A/G ratio, rouleaux formation, M-spike on immunophoresis, normocytic, normochromic anemia, elevated ESR
37
Q

Myxoma

A

most common benign cardiac tumor and most common cardiac tumor

38
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

aka “Von Recklinhausen’s disease”
cafe au last spots
“Coast of California

39
Q

osteoblastoma

A

mc seen in neural arch

age 10-30

40
Q

osteochondroma

A

mc benign tumor of extremities
2 types: sessile “bump in the bone” or pedunculated (cartilaginous cap appearance, coat hanger’s exostosis, mushroom projection)
multiple osteochondromas= hereditary multiple exostosis (HME)

41
Q

osteoid osteoma

OH OH

A

pain worse at night
relieved by aspirin
15-25
radiolucent nidus with reactive sclerosis

42
Q

osteoma

A

mc benign tumor of the skull

mc in frontal sinus (frontal bone)

43
Q

osteomyelitis

A

brodie’s abscess if chronic
sequestrum, involucrum, cloaca
mcc staph aureus

44
Q

osteosarcoma

A

most common primary bone cancer in children

10-30

45
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

worst prognosis
very painful
less than one percent survival rate

46
Q

papilloma

A

associated with warts

47
Q

pheochromaocytoma

A

neuroblastoma
benign tumor of adrenal medulla
causes episodic hypertension

48
Q

polycystic ovary disease

A

anovulation
obesity
hirsutism
XS hair on body and face

49
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle

50
Q

sarcoma

A

cancer of connective tissue

usually spread by vascular system

51
Q

seminoma

A

cancer of testes
most common cause of testicular cancer
mesenchymal/stem cells

52
Q

simple/unicameral bone cyst

A 
"SBC or UBC
benign bone tumor
metaphyseal/diaphyseal
concentric
"fallen fragment sign"
age
53
Q

stomach cancer

A

mc in lesser curvature
“leather bottle”
shaped stomach presentation
(adenocarcinoma)

54
Q

Teratoma

A

tumor of all 3 germinal layers

tetrology is the study of monsters

55
Q

virchow’s noes

A

enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes due to metastasis
usually GI tract
usually left side supraclavicular lymph nodes
indicates GI or stomach cancer

56
Q

xanthoma

A

yellow tumor of connective tissue

Pathology (Boards) (26 decks)

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