Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

achalasia

Answer 1

spasm of lower esophageal sphincter
causes megaesophagus of upper esophagus
lack of motility (due to myenteric plexus)

Question 2

Barett’s Esophagus

Answer 2

metaplasia of esophageal cells into stomach cells

caused by GERD

Question 3

Budd-Chiari

Answer 3

occlusion of hepatic veins: Triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly

Acute= rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, increase liver enzymes, and eventual encephalopathy

Question 4

Celiac Disease

non-tropical sprue

Answer 4

intolerance to gluten
loss of villi, therefore loss of absorption
stay on gluten free diet (gluten enteropathy)

Question 5

cholecysitis

Answer 5

inflammation of gallbladder
#1 cause of gallstones

Question 6

cholelithiasis

Answer 6

gallstones

Question 7

Chrons

Answer 7

“Skipping down the cobblestone”
seen in young people
affects distal small intestine (ileum), cecum and ascending colon (RIGHT SIDED PROBLEM)

SKIP LESIONS or “cobblestones”

NO BLOODY diarrhea

autoimmune
aka’s: regional ileitis, distal ileitis, regional enteritis

leads to dehydration b/c most water reabsorbed in small intestine

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Question 8

Diverticula

Answer 8

outpouching in the intestine

usually lower left quadrant (sigmoid descending)

Question 9

Dysphagia

Answer 9

difficulty swallowing

disarthria-inability to speak

Question 10

enteritis

Answer 10

most common cause of death of children world wide due to dehydration from diarrhea

Question 11

hemorrhoids

Answer 11

most common cause of frank red blood in the stool

Question 12

hirschprung’s

Answer 12

CONGENITAL megacolon
absence of myenteric plexus= parasympathetic motor plexus
(aside: Meissner’s plexus detects chemicals. it is a chemosensitive plexus)

Question 13

intussusception

Answer 13

telescoping of intestine onto itself

can be caused by rotavirus vaccine

Question 14

irritable bowel

Answer 14

SPASTIC COLON
distention
pain
diarrhea
stress related

Question 15

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Answer 15

Hematemesis (vomiting of blood) due to alcoholism

laceration of esophagus and proximal stomach

Question 16

meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 16

outputting of distal ileum

Question 17

Peutz Jegher’s

Answer 17

polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI tract

Question 18

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

Answer 18

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
cheilosis
esophageal webbing
glossitis

Question 19

Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 19

infant projectile vomiting
in newborn
valve not open wide enough

Question 20

sliding hiatal hernia

Answer 20

anatomically shortened esophagus

Question 21

steatosis

Answer 21

fat in stool

problem with GB

Question 22

ulcerative colitis

Answer 22

TOXIC MEGACOLON
pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, BLOODY DIARRHEA, AFFECTS LEFT SIDE OF ABDOMEN(DESCENDING AND SIGMOID COLON)

LEAD PIPE RIGIDITY
starts at the colon and moves distally
HLA B27 positive/leads to enteropathic arthopathy

Question 23

volvulus

Answer 23

twisting of an organ around its long axis

Question 24

zenker’s diverticulum

Answer 24

outputting of the esophagus