Heart and blood vessel disease

Question 1

aneurysm

Answer 1

localized dilation of an artery

Question 2

aneurysm

Berry in Circle of Willis

Answer 2

subarachnoid hemorrhage (worse headache)

Question 3

aneurysm

dissecting

Answer 3

longitudinal tearing away of the aorta

“tearing pain”

Question 4

aneurysm

abdominal aorta

Answer 4

sudden low back pain
hypovolemic shock
thready pulse
"Curvilinear Calcification"
"fusiform shape" (smoking)

Question 5

atheroscloerosis

Answer 5

deposition of fatty plaque (atheroma)
form of arteriosclerosis
get irregularly distributed lipid deposits in the intimate of large and medium sized arteries
causing narrowing of arterial lumens

Question 6

Buerger’s

Answer 6

AKA thromboangitis obliterans
lower extremity
males with history of smoking
intermittent claudication: cramping with exertion

Question 7

cardiac tamponade

Answer 7

fluid in pericardial space
prevents proper ventricular filling
emergency room referral

Question 8

coarctation of aorta

Answer 8

congenital

narrowing of aorta distal to the left subclavian

Question 9

monkeberg’s sclerosis

Answer 9

Tunica Media of medium sized arteries calcified

in smokers and diabetics

Question 10

Myxoma

Answer 10

m/c benign cardiac tumor and

m/c cardiac tumor (most cardiac tumors are benign)

Question 11

Prinzmetal’s angina

Answer 11

coronary artery vasospasm

Question 12

Raynauds

Answer 12

vasospasm of arteries
maybe primary or secondary to other collagen diseases such as Lupus
found in hands and feet
produce triphasic color change, from pallor to cyanosis to rubber
brought on by cold or emotion
can lead to dry gangrene
typically in upper extremities of females with a history of smoking

Question 13

Rhabdomyoma

Answer 13

Tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle

Question 14

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 14

half mood shaped RBC
“H-shaped vertebrae”
homozygous sickle cell allele

Question 15

Takayasu arteries

Answer 15

aka “pulseless disease”

granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch

Question 16

temporal arteritis

Answer 16

aka “giant cell arteritis”
affects temporal arteries
associated with long-standing hyper tension
if affects ophthalmic artery, can lead to blindness
increase ESR
best way to diagnose is by biopsy

Question 17

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 17

congenital
DRIP
Dextrorotation of aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Interventricular septal defect
Pulmonic stenosis

Question 18

valvular lesions

Answer 18

due to tooth extraction
strep infection causing Aschoff bodies from Rheumatic fever
mitral valve affected

Question 19

which valve does syphilis affect

Answer 19

aortic

Question 20

which valve does strep affect

Answer 20

mitral