Nervous System Diseases

Question 1

ALS

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 1

aka Lou Gehrig’s disease
anterior horn and corticospinal tracts affected with NO SENSORY LOSS

MOTOR ONLY

LMN in upper extremities
UMN in lower extremities

it IS progressive

Question 2

Alzheimer’s

Answer 2

progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex
neurofibrillary tangles
decrease in Acetyl-choline
#1 cause of dementia

Question 3

Arnold Chiari

Answer 3

Type 1= cerebellar tonisls herniate (specifically vermis)
Type 2= cerebellar tonsils herniation with meningiomyelocele in lumbar spine

Note: can get syrinx because of hydrochephalus with arnold chiari

Question 4

Brain tumor

Astrocytome Type I and II

Answer 4

M/C, best prognosis

in CNS

Question 5

Brain Tumor

Glioma

Answer 5

M/C in CNS

Question 6

Brain Tumor

Glioblastoma multiform

Answer 6

WORST PROGNOSIS

affects cerebrum

Question 7

brain tumor

medulloblastoma

Answer 7

m/c seen in cerebellar vermis in children

m/c cerebellar tumor

Question 8

brain tumor

oligodendroglioma

Answer 8

slowest growing (affects cerebrum)

Question 9

schwannoma

Answer 9

CN 8= acoustic neuroma
onion bulb tumor
most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Question 10

Friedreich’s ataxia

Answer 10

lesions of sclerosis of the SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT
(neurofibrillary tangles)
chromosome 9

Question 11

Guillian Barre

Answer 11

aka post-infectious polyradiculopathy
most commonly seen after a recent flue or vaccination

PERIPHERAL DEMYELINATING DISEASE (schwann cell)

areflexia and ascending paralysis

fatal if hits diaphragm

Question 12

horners syndrome

Answer 12

interruption of cervical sympathetics (e.g.: trauma, Pancoast tumor- Apical tumor or superior medial stinal)

symptoms= ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmosis

Question 13

leprosy

Answer 13

aka hanses disease= liquefactive necrosis
skin damage and destruction of sensory nerves

Ziehl Neelsen stain

Question 14

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 14

central demyelinization and placing of the spinal cord or brain
charcot's triad (SIN)
-scanning speech
-intention tremor
-nystagmus

characterized by exacerbations and remissions
effects distal muscles and causes visual disturbances
affects corticospinal tracts

Question 15

myasthenia gravis

Answer 15

formation of antibodies that block the Ach receptors (nicotinic) at the mineral junction

thyme enlargement (thymoma)
causes progressive weakness and fatigue
first starts in the ocular muscles, gets worse at the end of the day
jaw is tight and sore
autoimmune
females 20-40

Question 16

neurofibromatosis

Answer 16

aka “Van Recklinhausen’s disease
cafe au lait spots
“coast of california” (smooth) appearance

Question 17

Onion bulb Tumor

Answer 17

schwann cell tumor

Question 18

Parkinsons aka Paralysis agitans

Answer 18

problem with dopamine in basal ganglia
inclusion bodies- LEWY bodies
masked faces
stooped posture
resting tremor
festinating/shuffling gait and propulsive gait
cogwheel rigidity
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA of mesencephalon affected

Question 19

PLS

Answer 19

posterolateral sclerosis
aka- COMBINED SYSTEMS DISEASE
dorsal columns and corticospinal tract affected
results from long term pernicious anemia
-decrease intrinsic factor or decrease B12

Question 20

Poliomyelitis

Answer 20

if affects anterior horn, produces LMNL
effects brainstem, then cranial nerves affected
possibly breathing apparatus as well

Question 21

syringomyelia

Answer 21

CYST LIKE FORMATION from the central canal of the spinal cord that leads to loss of pain and temperature and signs of an upper motor neuron lesions
“cape-like” distribution of pins and needles sensation
caused by syrinx (a central dilation of the spinal cord)
loss of pain and temrpature bilaterally
take out spinal thalamic tracts

Question 22

wernicke-korsakoff

Answer 22

alcoholic psychosis with dementia
depletion of thiamine B1 due to severe alcoholism

(berry berry is deficiency of berry berry only)