Tumors and Neoplastic Polyps

Question 1

Describe a Carcinoid tumor

Answer 1

Arise from neuroendocrine cells of GIT; low level of malignancy; Contain granules of serotonin, enolase and bombesin

Question 2

Discuss the morphology of a carcinoid tumor

Answer 2

Yellow/tan and firm, scant pink granular cytoplasm. Stain reveals synaptophysin and chromogranin A (granule markers)

Question 3

What are the clinical symptoms of Carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 3

Flushing, sweating and bronchospasm

Question 4

Discuss the morphology of a colonic adenoma

Answer 4

Hyperchromasia, elongation, and stratification of epithelial nuclei

Question 5

How are adenomas classified?

Answer 5

Based on the morphology
Tubular: small, closely packed epithelial tubules in stroma, branching
Villous: Large, sessile, fingerlike projections.
Tubulovillous: In between the two.

Question 6

Discuss Sessile serrated adenoma

Answer 6

Precursors to cancer; Serrated architecture throughout full length of glands with lateral growth and dilated crypts

Question 7

How do you distinguish a hyperplastic polyp from sessile serrated adenoma?

Answer 7

Hyperplastic polyps have serrated architecture only on the surface of the polyp.

Question 8

Discuss Intramucosal carcinoma

Answer 8

Dysplastic epithelial cells breach basement membrane and invade lamina propria