Other Viral Gastroenteritis

Question 1

How is Norovirus transmitted?

Answer 1

P2P contact, fecal-oral, airborne droplets of vomit, fomites. Infectious dose is 10 viral particles!

Question 2

What characteristics make caliciviruses so difficult?

Answer 2

1. Low infectious dose
2. Prolonged asymptomatic shedding
3. Environmental stability
4. Strain diversity
5. No lasting immunity
6. Human resevoir

Question 3

What are the clinical findings of Norovirus?

Answer 3

Acute onset vomiting, WATERY diarrhea. 1-2 days incubation. Illness up to 60 hours.

Question 4

How is Norovirus treated?

Answer 4

Hydration

Question 5

What are some properties of Coxasackie and Echo Viruses?

Answer 5

Stable at acid pH and in bile of intestinal tract. Fecal-oral transmission

Question 6

Discuss the Pathogenesis of Coxasackie and Echo Viruses.

Answer 6

1. Entry into mouth
2. Multiplication in oropharyngeal mucosa, SI, tonsils, nodes, and peyers patches.
3. Viremia
4. Dissemination to target organs

Question 7

Discuss Herpangina

Answer 7

Caused by Cox A; Vesicular pharyngitis, sore throat, grey VESICULAR LESIONS, vomiting

Question 8

Discuss Hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 8

Caused by Cox A16: VESICULAR LESIONS

Question 9

Discuss Pleurodynia

Answer 9

Caused by Cox B; chest pain, fever of abrupt onset, self-limited. Easily confused with PLEURISY.

Question 10

Discuss Aseptic Meningitis

Answer 10

Caused by both Cox A and B; STIFF NECK, Lymphocytosis of CSF

Question 11

What illnesses are commonly caused by echoviruses?

Answer 11

Aseptic meningitis, Macular exanthems

Question 12

How do you diagnose echovirus infections?

Answer 12

PCR

Question 13

Which serotypes of Adenovirus cause gastroenteritis?

Answer 13

Types 40 and 41

Question 14

How is Adenovirus transmitted? Diagnosed? Treated?

Answer 14

Fecal-oral; Antigen detection, supportive