Tumor and Metabolic Diseases Flashcards
What are sarcomas and where do they metastasize?
Tumors that come from mesoderm tissue
Metastasize to the lung
Rare
What is the most common type of malignant bone tumor?
Comes from metastatic disease
How does a bone tumor present?
Night achy pain
What are the most common carcinomas that metastasize to the bone?
Prostate
Lung
Breast
Thyroid
Renal
What is the preferred location of osteomyelitis and why?
Metaphysis
Metaphyseal blood flow allows for watershed area for bacteria to pool
What are the two most common bacteria that cause osteomyelitis?
Staph aureus
Hemolytic strep
How does infection get to the bone to cause osteomyelitis?
Hematogenously
Can also be introduced through direct innoculation with open fractures
What could you find on an xray in a patient with osteomyelitis?
Brodie’s Abcess
What is the treatment for osteomyelitis?
Empiric treatment with ABx for suspected pathogen (vancomycin)
Surgical washout if no improvement
What is osteoporosis?
Low bone mass leading to microarchitectural deteriorization, causing increase fragility of bone
What is type 1 primary osteoporosis?
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, caused by hormone changes leading to bone loss
What is type II primary osteoporosis?
Senile osteoporosis, caused by altered calcium metabolism leading to bone loss
What is a DEXA scan and what is the criteria for osteoporosis?
Measures bone density
Less than 2.5 SD below the mean T score is indicative of osteoporosis
What are the treatments for osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates
Calcitonin
Pulsed PTH
SERMS (not recommended)
How is osteoporosis prevented?
Maximized Calc/VitD and WB exercise
