Pediatric orthapaedics Flashcards
What is scoliosis?
Lateral curvature greater than 10 degrees, often assocaited with rotational deformity
More likely to progress sin females
What is the treatment for scoliosis?
Angle>30 - brace
Surgery if >40-50
What is club foot?
Idiopathic congenital foot deformity, characterized by plantar flexion of ankle; adduction of the heel; high arch; adduction of the forefoot
Treatment is manipulation and casting
What is osgood Schlatter?
Overuse injury causing apophyseal injury at tibial tubercle
What is hip dysplasia?
Malformed hip socket and gemoral head, assocaited with legamentous laxity, left hip, femal gender, breech presentation
What two exams are used to evaluate hip dysplasia?
Barlow and Ortolani exams
What is the treatment for hip dysplasia?
Pavlik harness to force relocation
Older children may require casting or surgery
What is Perthes disease?
Idiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head between 4-8
Treatment is ROM and bracing, no good treatment
What is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
Displacement of the femoral head through the physis usually during growth spurt, associated with obesity, males, sports, and endocrine disorders
Treatment is surgical
What is genu varum/valgus?
Development of the knee starts varum 10-15 degrees, progresses to 0 and valgus 10 degrees
What is tarsal coalition?
Abnormal connection between the tarsal bones
What is transient synovitis of the hip?
Sterile effusion of the hip causing pain
Effusion, but no inflammatory markers
What is a supracondylar humerus fracture?
Most common elbow fracture
Xrays show positive posterior sail sing
What is rickets?
Error in Vit D metabolism causes failure of mineralization
Bowed legs (Genu varum), hypertrophic zone
Low Ca, Low phos
What injury patterns are common in non accidental trauma?
Posterior rib fractures
Spiral fractures
Metaphyseal corner fractures
