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DT 1 Test 1 > Bacterial Skin Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ritter’s disease?

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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2
Q

What is the pathology of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

Circulation of exfoliative toxins A or B cleave desmosomal cadherins in the stratum granulosum layer

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of skin abscesses, furuncles, and carbuncles?

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

What type of necrosis occurs in abscesses?

A

Liquefactive necrosis - typical of bacterial infections

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5
Q

What is erysipelas and what is the causitive agent?

A

Tender, superficial erythematous and edematous lesions that occurs primarily in the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics

Caused by group A strep (S. pyogenes)

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6
Q

What is bullous impetigo?

A

Localized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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7
Q

What is the pathology of Bullous impetigo?

A

S. aureus produces exfoliative toxin A that causes the loss of cell adhesion in the superficial epidermis by targeting desmoglein 1

No direct bacterial colonization

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8
Q

What is impetigo and the most common causitive agents?

A

Papules progress to vesicles surrounded by erythema

Group A strep and S. Aureus

Common disease of children

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9
Q

What is cellulitis and the most common causitive agents?

A

Redness, induration, heat, and tenderness with no clear distinction between infected and noninfected area

Develops rapidly to septicemia

GAS and S. Aureus

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10
Q

What infection can cause cellulitis in unimmunized children?

A

H. influenzae

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11
Q

What agent manifests as ecthyma gangrenosa?

A

Pseudomonas

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12
Q

What is the cause of toxic shock syndrome?

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1

Superantigen that causes hyperactivation of T cells

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13
Q

What is dry gangrene?

A

Form of coagulative necrosis that develops in ischemic tissue

Characteristic of ischemia of lower limb (diabetics)

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14
Q

What is wet gangrene?

A

Thriving bacteria in the lesion and has a poor prognosis due to sepsis resulting from the free communication between infected fluid and circulatory fluid

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15
Q

What is gas gangrene?

A

Bacterial infection that produces gas within tissues

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16
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Deep seated infection of the subcutaneous tissue leading to destruction of fascia and fat, but may spare skin

17
Q

What is type I necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Mixed infection caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and occurs most commonly after surgical procedures and in patients with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease

18
Q

What is type II necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Monomicrobial infection caused by GAS

Can also be caused by MRSA

19
Q

How does NF caused by V. vulnificus present?

A

Rapidly progressive wound infections after exposure to contaminated sea water

50% mortality

20
Q

What organism causes gas gangrene and myonecrosis?

A

Clostridium spp.

Especially C. perfringens

21
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of Bacillus anthracis?

A

G+, spore-forming

D glutamic acid capsule

22
Q

What are the three parts of the B. anthracis exotoxin?

A

Edema factor

Lethal Factor

Protective antigen

23
Q

What is the MoA of edema factor?

A

Activated by human calmodulin, increases intracellular cAMP - impaired flow of ions and water

24
Q

What is the MoA of lethal factor?

A

Induces macrophages to produce high levels of cytokines that trigger shock

25
Q

What is the MoA of protective antigen?

A

Promotes entry into phagocytic cells

26
Q

What is the most common form of anthrax and how does it present?

A

Cutaneous anthrax

Painless papule at the site of inoculation that progresses to an ulcer and necrotic eschar

27
Q

How is GI anthrax transmitted and present?

A

Spores in contaminated meat

Nausea, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting blood, diarrhea

28
Q

What is woolsorter’s disease?

A

Inhalation anthrax

Death occurs within 3 days of initial symptoms (fever, SoB, cough, headache)

29
Q

What is the critical diagnostic feature of woolsorter’s disease?

A

Widening of the mediastinum

30
Q

What is the treatment for anthrax?

A

Penicillin

Ciprofloxacin

Doxycycline

All for 60 days

DT 1 Test 1 (18 decks)

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