Drug Allergies Flashcards
What two types of drug reactions are nonimmune-mediated?
Idiosyncrasy and intolerance
Pseudoallergic
What are the risk factors for an allergic reaction?
Chemical structure
Molecular weight
Route of administration - parenteral vs. topical
Dose, duration, repeated exposure
What mediates an anaphylactic reaction?
IgE
What is anaphylaxis?
Acute, life-threatening allergic reaction
What is serum sickness?
Syndrome resulting from soluble circulating immune complexes that form under conditions of antigen excess
Onset: 7-14 days following exposure
Common - cephalosporins
What are the symptoms of serum sickness?
Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy
What is drug fever?
Highly variable temperature pattern following drug administration
Resolved after drug removal
Common - Amphotericin B, Antimicrobials
What is the jarish-herxheimer reaction?
Typically follows antibiotic treatment for a number of spirochetal and bacterial infections
Causes rigors, fever and hypotension
Common - tetracycline, doxycycline, pen G
What types of drugs cause SLE?
Drugs with a hydrazine or amino group linked to an aromatic ring
Onsets several months after beginning drug
Common: HIPP hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide
What is intersititial nephritis?
Symptoms: fever, rash, eosinophilia
Proteinuria, hematuris
Common - Antistaph penicillins, Cimetidine, Sulfonamides
What is toxic hepatitis?
Hypersensitivity that causes eosinophilia, fever, rash, granulomas
Common - erythromycin, penicillins
What is vasculitis?
Characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels, usually limited to skin
What is the most common dermatologic drug reaction?
Maculopapular rash on extermities that moves to back
Onsets 2-3 days
Antibiotics, anticonvulsants
What common agents causes urticaria?
Antibiotics, NSAIDs, Anticonvulsants
What are fixed drug eruption?
Signle or multiple edematous, pigmented lesion
PCN, TCN, Cipro, Bactrim
NASIDs, Quinidine, sulfanomides
