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dt 1 test 1 > Bones 2 > Flashcards

Bones 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most common benign tumors?

A

Osteochondroma

Fibrous cortical defect

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2
Q

What two tumors are located in the epiphysis?

A

Clear cell chondrosarcoma

Chondroblastoma

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3
Q

What two tumors are located in the diaphysis?

A

Eqing sarcoma

Fibrous dysplasia

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4
Q

What two tumors are located in the epiphysis/metaphysis?

A

Giant cell tumor

Aneurysmal bone cyst

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5
Q

What is an osteoma?

A

Subperiosteal or endosteal cortex surface tumor

Common in sinuses, skull and face

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6
Q

What is Gardner syndrome?

A

Multiple osteomas

GI symtoms

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7
Q

What is the most common nonhematopoeitc malignant primary bone tumor?

A

Osteosarcoma

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8
Q

What is an osteosarcoma?

A

By definition, makes osteoid

Bimodal age distribution

Painful enlarging mass

10-20% have metastasis at presentation

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9
Q

What does an osteosarcoma look like on an xray?

A

Destructive with mixed lytic and blastic

Codman triangle - tumor lifts periosteum

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10
Q

Where are osteosarcomas located?

A

Metaphysis

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11
Q

What is an osteochondroma (exostosis)?

A

Mushroom-shaped cartilage-capped enchondral ossification

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12
Q

Where does an osteochondroma occur?

A

Metaphysis - kneer growth plate; especially the knee

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13
Q

What is the cause of multiple hereditary exostosis?

A

Autosomal dominant

EXT1 or EXT2 gene

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14
Q

What is a chondroma?

A

Benign hyaline cartilage tumor

Age 20-50

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15
Q

What is the most common bone tumor in the hands and feet?

A

Chondroma

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16
Q

What is an enchondroma?

A

Less than 3cm

Nodules of hyaline cartilage with peripheral enchondral ossification

17
Q

What are endhoncromatosis j(Ollier disease) and maffucci syndrome?

A

Syndromes associated with increased risk for sarcoma transformation from enchondromas

18
Q

What is the most common bone tumor of the phalynx?

A

Enchondroma

19
Q

What is a chondroblastoma?

A

Most common in knee epiphysis

Painful

Rare lung metastasis

20
Q

Where does a chondrosarcoma occur?

A

Central skeleton

21
Q

Where does a conventional chondrosarcoma metastasize?

A

Lungs and bone

22
Q

Who gets clear cell chondrosarcomas and where do they occur?

A

Teens/young adults

Epiphysis

23
Q

What is the most common primary bone tumor in children?

A

Fibrous cortical defect

24
Q

What are the three patterns of fibrous dysplasia?

A

Monostotic

Polyostotic with soft tissue myxomas

Polyostotic with endocrine dysfunction (McCune-Albright syndrome

25
Q

How does a fibrous dysplasia appear on an xray?

A

Ground glass and well-demarcated border

26
Q

What is McCune-Albright Syndrome?

A

Cafe au lait skin pigmentations

Endocrine - sexual precocity

Hyperactive G-protein of GNAS gene

27
Q

What is ewing sarcoma?

A

Small round (blue) celll tumor of bone and soft tissue, glycogen, homer-wright rosettes

Gene translocation: t (11;22)

28
Q

What is the location of ewing sarccoma?

A

Diaphysis and flat bones of pelvis

Medullary cavity but invades the cortex into soft tissue to create a mass

29
Q

What is the characteristic xray of ewing sarcoma?

A

Lytic destruction with onion skin periosteal reaction and sunburst pattern

30
Q

What is a giant cell tumor of the bone?

A

Benign locally aggressive tumor of macrophage/monocyte system

Located in the epiphyses by may extend into metaphysis

Most common in knee

31
Q

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?

A

Multiloculated blood-filled cysts

Rapid grwoth

Metaphysis of long bones and vertebrae

PAin and swelling

32
Q

What is the most common form of skeletal malignancy?

A

Metastatic disease

33
Q

How does metastatic disease spread?

A

Direct extension

Lymphatic or hematogenous

Intraspinal seeding (Batson plexus)

34
Q

Where does metatstatic disease originate?

A

Prostate

Breast

Kidney

Lung

Thyroid

BLT and a Kosher Pickle

dt 1 test 1 (18 decks)

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