Bones 2 Flashcards
What are the two most common benign tumors?
Osteochondroma
Fibrous cortical defect
What two tumors are located in the epiphysis?
Clear cell chondrosarcoma
Chondroblastoma
What two tumors are located in the diaphysis?
Eqing sarcoma
Fibrous dysplasia
What two tumors are located in the epiphysis/metaphysis?
Giant cell tumor
Aneurysmal bone cyst
What is an osteoma?
Subperiosteal or endosteal cortex surface tumor
Common in sinuses, skull and face
What is Gardner syndrome?
Multiple osteomas
GI symtoms
What is the most common nonhematopoeitc malignant primary bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
What is an osteosarcoma?
By definition, makes osteoid
Bimodal age distribution
Painful enlarging mass
10-20% have metastasis at presentation
What does an osteosarcoma look like on an xray?
Destructive with mixed lytic and blastic
Codman triangle - tumor lifts periosteum
Where are osteosarcomas located?
Metaphysis
What is an osteochondroma (exostosis)?
Mushroom-shaped cartilage-capped enchondral ossification
Where does an osteochondroma occur?
Metaphysis - kneer growth plate; especially the knee
What is the cause of multiple hereditary exostosis?
Autosomal dominant
EXT1 or EXT2 gene
What is a chondroma?
Benign hyaline cartilage tumor
Age 20-50
What is the most common bone tumor in the hands and feet?
Chondroma
What is an enchondroma?
Less than 3cm
Nodules of hyaline cartilage with peripheral enchondral ossification
What are endhoncromatosis j(Ollier disease) and maffucci syndrome?
Syndromes associated with increased risk for sarcoma transformation from enchondromas
What is the most common bone tumor of the phalynx?
Enchondroma
What is a chondroblastoma?
Most common in knee epiphysis
Painful
Rare lung metastasis
Where does a chondrosarcoma occur?
Central skeleton
Where does a conventional chondrosarcoma metastasize?
Lungs and bone
Who gets clear cell chondrosarcomas and where do they occur?
Teens/young adults
Epiphysis
What is the most common primary bone tumor in children?
Fibrous cortical defect
What are the three patterns of fibrous dysplasia?
Monostotic
Polyostotic with soft tissue myxomas
Polyostotic with endocrine dysfunction (McCune-Albright syndrome
How does a fibrous dysplasia appear on an xray?
Ground glass and well-demarcated border
What is McCune-Albright Syndrome?
Cafe au lait skin pigmentations
Endocrine - sexual precocity
Hyperactive G-protein of GNAS gene
What is ewing sarcoma?
Small round (blue) celll tumor of bone and soft tissue, glycogen, homer-wright rosettes
Gene translocation: t (11;22)
What is the location of ewing sarccoma?
Diaphysis and flat bones of pelvis
Medullary cavity but invades the cortex into soft tissue to create a mass
What is the characteristic xray of ewing sarcoma?
Lytic destruction with onion skin periosteal reaction and sunburst pattern
What is a giant cell tumor of the bone?
Benign locally aggressive tumor of macrophage/monocyte system
Located in the epiphyses by may extend into metaphysis
Most common in knee
What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?
Multiloculated blood-filled cysts
Rapid grwoth
Metaphysis of long bones and vertebrae
PAin and swelling
What is the most common form of skeletal malignancy?
Metastatic disease
How does metastatic disease spread?
Direct extension
Lymphatic or hematogenous
Intraspinal seeding (Batson plexus)
Where does metatstatic disease originate?
Prostate
Breast
Kidney
Lung
Thyroid
BLT and a Kosher Pickle
