Tuesday 2 - kanoff - pediatric neurology

Question 1

periventricular leukomalacia

Answer 1

injury to white matter next to the lateral ventricles (usually in newborns) that can lead to cerebral palsy and seizures later in life

Question 2

Why does a left cerebral artery stroke in a newborn not necessarily give many Sx?

Answer 2

Extrapyramidal system (AKA everything besides the corticospinal and corticobulbar) provides bilateral innervation. If you get a left cerebral artery stroke you would normally get right sided systems, but the activity of extrapyramidal system in newborns “masks” this

until you make the switch where the pyramidal system takes over (6-12 months) you might not see Sx

Question 3

Brain problems in newborns can lead to (hypo/hyper)tonia and (hypo/hyper)reflexia

Answer 3

HYPOtonia

HYPERreflexia

in adults, you may more often see hypertonia and hyperreflexia

Question 4

hypomelaninosis of Ito

Answer 4

streak-like hypopigmentation in the armpit area, “explanation” for seizures according to this guy

Question 5

Sturge-weber

Answer 5

port-wine stain in distribution of trigem nerve associated with vasculopathy on brain

vessels become “train track” calcified

Question 6

cerebral palsy

Answer 6

“weakness that comes from the brain”

static encephalopathy resulting from injury that occurred in infancy

Question 7

autism

Sx
does it improve with most people

Answer 7

cannot function socially

might treat a stranger like a parent
might treat a parent like a stranger

ye

Question 8

leukodystrophy

Answer 8

NOT static, progressive

dysmyelination in the brain

this is the one you never want to miss

Question 9

GER

Answer 9

Gastroesophogeal reflux

AKA sandifer’s syndrome

sometimes seen in infants and can kind of look like a seizure.

reflux can cause them to hold their breath, arch their body (especially neck) and turn blue/purple

Question 10

tic disorder

Answer 10

urge to do something

motor or vocal

if these are really bad and recurrent it’s known as tourettes