Monday 2 - licht - cognitive enhancers Flashcards
Norepi pathway general
where the majority of it is made in the brain and two coticies that it goes to
Locus coeruleus -> prefrontal cortex and limbic cortex
Dopamine pathway general
Tegmentum -> prefrontal cortex, limbic cortex
main mech in Tx of ADHD
increasing NE and DA
example of three psychodtimulants used in treating ADHD
methylphenidate (ritalin (immediate release), concerta and metadate (extended release))
amphetamines (dexadrine (immediate), adderall XR)
Atomoxetine (Straterra)
Which of the psychostimulants that we learned enhances the release of just DA?
which enhance release of DA and NE
DA - methylphenidate and d-amphetamine
DA and NE - d,l-amphetamine
Mech of atomoxetine
what is special about it
highly selective NE reuptake inhibitor
elevates DA levels in the prefrontal cortex, but NOT in the nucleus accumbens or the striatum (nucleus accumbens mediates the euphoric properties of psychostimulants)
NO ABUSE POTENTIAL i guess
FDA approved for adult ADHD
again:
What drug do you use for adult ADHD that is not abuse-able (i guess)
atomoxetine
primary site of early dmg in alzheimer’s in the brain
what does it make
nucleus basalis
ACh
we already learned this, but I though I would include it because that it who i am
what bad things appear around neurons in alzheimers?
where are they produced
amyloid plaques
(beta-amyloid polypeptides)
nucleus basalis
proteins interfere with neurons in alzheimers
what proteins?
how?
structurally incompetent tau protein surrounds a neurons’ microtubules and stops the “conveyor belt” from transmorting materials to the synapse as well as garbage away from the synapse
what drugs slow down the progression of alzheimer’s diesease (AD)
side effects
anticholinesterases (raise ACh levels throughout the brain)
nausia, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea
rivastigmine
AD drug
inhibits both AChE and BuChE
given twice per day
causes more GI problems and muscle weakness than other AD drugs
tacrine
AD drug
needs to be given multiple times per day
many drug interactions, may cause liver dmg
second line therapy
Galantamine
AD drug
inhibits AChE
stimulates nicotinic cholinergic neurons to release more stored ACh
careful when taking with NSAIDS
Memantine
AD drug
*antagonist at the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor
helps patients in later stages of AD maintain independance
