Friday ILT - lichtblau - alcohols Flashcards
highest concentration that is non toxic to yeast
12-14%
meaning of proof
it’s 100 proof if it’s 57% alcohol by volume according to sailors
we have rounded it down to 50% today
100 proof means it lights on fire if mixed with gunpowder
cardiovascular system effects of alcohol
vasodilation
body core temp decreases
in small amounts, increases HDL and decreases LDL
can decrease clots
what does alcohol do to the liver
accumulation of fat and protein
can cause alcoholic hepatatis or cirrhosiss of the liver
Alcohols effects on the kideny
diuretic
decreases the effect of ADH or vasopressin from the posterior pituitary
alcohols effect on the stomach
if you drink 10%
20%
40%
10% - increase in gastric acid secretion, both acid and pepsin
20%- secretion and motility are depressed and you get stomach irritation
40% - mucosal inflamation and hyperemia, excessive loss of blood and plasma protein that might lead to errosive gastritis.
1in3 alcoholics suffer from errosive gastritis
in a person with pancreatitis, what is the number one etiological factor
alcohol consumption.
this is the alcohol lecutre.
MOA of alcohol on the brain
disorders and fluidizes membranes
may be involved with GABA receptors, a benzo antagonist can block the effects of ethanol in animals
can block ataxic effects of alcohol but not the mortality
what does amphophile mean
lipophylic and hydrophylic
carbonation (increases/decreases) gastric emptying time
decreases
more rapid absorption happens because it takes less time the etOH to get to the intestines
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Sx
microcephaly
low nasal bridge
thin upper lip
rate limiting step in alcohol metabolim
how fast?
Rate limiting: Ethanol -> acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde -> acetic acid
100mg/kg/hr
or
20ml of 100 proof liquor per hr
does a diuretic work for helping etOH overdose?
mech
No
alcohol is all metabolized, very little is excreted by the kidneys that isn’t converted into acetaldehyde or acetic acid
one therapeutic use of alcohol in trigeminal neuralgia
inject it into the site of pain -> permanently kills neurons
how is alcohol related to cancer
may act as a solvent for other carcinogens
can cause repeated cell damage
metabolic increases
nutritional deficiencies
what are the DTs
delirium tremens
tachycardia, hypertension, lowgrade fever, tremor, diaphoresis, delirium, agitation
What is the chemical shock collar for etOH
disulfiram
interferes with aldehyde dehydrogenase - makes you super hungover
digestion pathway of methanol
Sx
methanol -> formaldehyde (alcohol dehydrogenase)
formaldehyde -> formic acid
(aldehyde dehydrogenase)
early Sx is blurred vision and relatevely clear sensorium (sensory apparatus as a whole)
acidosis, coma, death, blindness (as little as 4ml for blindness. result of formic acid)
Tx for methanol
sodium bicarb
ethanol
metabolic pathway for ethylene glycol
main ingredient in
Sx and causes of death
Tx
ethylene glycol -> glyoxal
(alcohol dehydrogenase)
Glyoxal -> glyoxylic acid
(aldehyde dehydrogenase)
glyoxylic acid -> oraxlic acid OR formic acid
in:
antifreeze
Sx:
vomiting, CNS depression, ataxia, weakness, convulsions, coma, death
renal failure due to blockage by calcium oxalate crystals (usually not cause of death) occurs later
acidosis by formic acid, cardio dysfunction, kidney failure usual causes of death
Tx:
sodium bicarb
ethanol
expensive drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
formepizole
besides disulfiram, what can be used to stop recurrence of alcoholism
naltrexone - causes lack of cravings for etOH.
opioid antagonist
