Friday ILT - lichtblau - alcohols

Question 1

highest concentration that is non toxic to yeast

Answer 1

12-14%

Question 2

meaning of proof

Answer 2

it’s 100 proof if it’s 57% alcohol by volume according to sailors

we have rounded it down to 50% today

100 proof means it lights on fire if mixed with gunpowder

Question 3

cardiovascular system effects of alcohol

Answer 3

vasodilation

body core temp decreases

in small amounts, increases HDL and decreases LDL

can decrease clots

Question 4

what does alcohol do to the liver

Answer 4

accumulation of fat and protein

can cause alcoholic hepatatis or cirrhosiss of the liver

Question 5

Alcohols effects on the kideny

Answer 5

diuretic

decreases the effect of ADH or vasopressin from the posterior pituitary

Question 6

alcohols effect on the stomach

if you drink 10%
20%
40%

Answer 6

10% - increase in gastric acid secretion, both acid and pepsin

20%- secretion and motility are depressed and you get stomach irritation

40% - mucosal inflamation and hyperemia, excessive loss of blood and plasma protein that might lead to errosive gastritis.

1in3 alcoholics suffer from errosive gastritis

Question 7

in a person with pancreatitis, what is the number one etiological factor

Answer 7

alcohol consumption.

this is the alcohol lecutre.

Question 8

MOA of alcohol on the brain

Answer 8

disorders and fluidizes membranes

may be involved with GABA receptors, a benzo antagonist can block the effects of ethanol in animals

can block ataxic effects of alcohol but not the mortality

Question 9

what does amphophile mean

Answer 9

lipophylic and hydrophylic

Question 10

carbonation (increases/decreases) gastric emptying time

Answer 10

decreases

more rapid absorption happens because it takes less time the etOH to get to the intestines

Question 11

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Sx

Answer 11

microcephaly
low nasal bridge
thin upper lip

Question 12

rate limiting step in alcohol metabolim

how fast?

Answer 12

Rate limiting: Ethanol -> acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde -> acetic acid

100mg/kg/hr
or
20ml of 100 proof liquor per hr

Question 13

does a diuretic work for helping etOH overdose?

mech

Answer 13

No

alcohol is all metabolized, very little is excreted by the kidneys that isn’t converted into acetaldehyde or acetic acid

Question 14

one therapeutic use of alcohol in trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 14

inject it into the site of pain -> permanently kills neurons

Question 15

how is alcohol related to cancer

Answer 15

may act as a solvent for other carcinogens

can cause repeated cell damage

metabolic increases

nutritional deficiencies

Question 16

what are the DTs

Answer 16

delirium tremens

tachycardia, hypertension, lowgrade fever, tremor, diaphoresis, delirium, agitation

Question 17

What is the chemical shock collar for etOH

Answer 17

disulfiram

interferes with aldehyde dehydrogenase - makes you super hungover

Question 18

digestion pathway of methanol

Sx

Answer 18

methanol -> formaldehyde (alcohol dehydrogenase)

formaldehyde -> formic acid
(aldehyde dehydrogenase)

early Sx is blurred vision and relatevely clear sensorium (sensory apparatus as a whole)

acidosis, coma, death, blindness (as little as 4ml for blindness. result of formic acid)

Question 19

Tx for methanol

Answer 19

sodium bicarb

ethanol

Question 20

metabolic pathway for ethylene glycol

main ingredient in
Sx and causes of death
Tx

Answer 20

ethylene glycol -> glyoxal
(alcohol dehydrogenase)

Glyoxal -> glyoxylic acid
(aldehyde dehydrogenase)

glyoxylic acid -> oraxlic acid OR formic acid

in:
antifreeze

Sx:

vomiting, CNS depression, ataxia, weakness, convulsions, coma, death

renal failure due to blockage by calcium oxalate crystals (usually not cause of death) occurs later

acidosis by formic acid, cardio dysfunction, kidney failure usual causes of death

Tx:
sodium bicarb
ethanol

Question 21

expensive drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 21

formepizole

Question 22

besides disulfiram, what can be used to stop recurrence of alcoholism

Answer 22

naltrexone - causes lack of cravings for etOH.

opioid antagonist