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Physiology > Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion > Flashcards

Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

Paracellular Path of reabsorption

A

Filtrate travels from the LUMEN through the Intercellular Space into the capillary

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2
Q

Transcellular Path or Reabsorption

A

Filtrate travels from the LUMEN through the CELL and then to the capillary

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3
Q

Aquaporin-1 location?

A

WIDESPREAD

Including the Renal tubules

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4
Q

Aquaporin-2 location?

A
  • Present in APICAL membranes of COLLECTING Tubule cells

- Controlled by ADH

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5
Q

Aquaporin-3 location?

A

Present in BASOLATERAL membranes membranes of Collecting Tubule cells

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6
Q

Role of ATPases in the Nephron?

A
  • Establish IONIC gradient across nephron
  • Gradients drive reabsorption/secretion of many other solutes
  • Transported by SECONDARY active transport
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7
Q

Most Primary Active Transporters have what characteristic?

A

ATPase attached to the name

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8
Q

Sodium enters the cell via ____ and exits the cell via ____.

A

Diffusion

Active Transport Pumps

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9
Q

Ion gradient determines what pathway for ____ concentration.

A

Sodium

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10
Q

What are examples of SECONDARY active transport?

A
  1. Reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the Renal tubule

2. Reabsorption of AA by the Renal Tubule

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11
Q

Sodium-glucose co transporter on the _______ of the ______ tubule.

A
  • Brush Border

- Proximal

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12
Q

SGLT2

A
  • Reabsorbs 90% of Glucose in EARLY Proximal Tubule
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13
Q

SGLT1

A

Reabsorbs 10% of Glucose in the LATE Proximal Tubule

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14
Q

Substances that are ACTIVELY secreted into the Renal Tubules.

A
  1. Creatinine

2. Para-aminohippuric Acid
PAHA

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15
Q

Transport max for glucose reabsorption

VS

Filtered Load for glucose

A

375mg/min

VS

125mg/min

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16
Q

Reasons that some passively reabsorbed substances do not have a Transport Maximum?

A
  1. Diffusion determined by E-chemical gradient
  2. Permeability of membrane
  3. TIME that the fluid remains in the tubule
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17
Q

Excretion will occur when [BG] exceeds how much?

A

250mg/min

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18
Q

Filtered load for glucose

A
  • What you CONSUME is what you FILTER

- LINEAR on a graph

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19
Q

Rate of transport depends on what?

A
  1. E-Chemical gradient
  2. TIME in the tubule
    - FLOW RATE
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20
Q

Proximal Tubule

A
  • Highly metabolic w/ LARGE # of Mitochondria
  • Extensive brush borders
  • Extensive IC and Basal channels on interstitial surfaces
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21
Q

Purpose of a brush border?

A

To increase SURFACE AREA

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22
Q

What does the Proximal Tubule Reabsorb

A
  1. 65% of Filtered
    - Na+
    - Cl-
    - Bicarbonate
    - K+

“NaCl BiK (Nickel back)”

  1. ALL filtered glucose and AA
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23
Q

What is being SECRETED into the Proximal tubules?

A
  • H+
  • Organic Acids
  • Bases
24
Q

Anything with a Fluid/Plasma [ ] ABOVE 1 will be _____.

A

Excreted

25
Q

Anything with a Fluid/Plasma [ ] BELOW 1 will be _____.

A

Almost completely Reabsorbed

26
Q

Sodium reabsorption in the FIRST half of the Proximal tubule.

A

Via CO-transport along with

  • glucose
  • AA
  • other Solutes
27
Q

Sodium reabsorption in the SECOND half of the Proximal tubule.

A

Mainly with CHLORINE ions

28
Q

Electrochemical gradient of the Tubular Lumen

A

-3 mV

29
Q

Luminal [Na+]

A

140 mOsm

30
Q

Cytoplasmic [Na+]

A

30 mOsm

31
Q

Most Na+ entry is via the ____ with _____ Ions.

A
  • ANTIPORT

- H+

32
Q

H+ + Bicarbonate = ?

A

Carbonic Acid

33
Q

CO2 + H2O =

A

Carbonic Acid

34
Q

Descending segment of the Loop of Henle

A
  • Highly permeable to WATER
  • Moderately permeable to Most solutes
    (Urea and Sodium)
  • Reabsorbs about 20% of filtered water
35
Q

The defending limb reabsorbs about ___ of filtered water.

A

20%

36
Q

Thin ascending segment of the loop of Henle.

A

IMPERMEABLE to Water

37
Q

Thick ascending loop of Henle

A
  • Impermeable to water
  • Na/K Pump pumps K+ into the cell against [ ] gradient
  • Co-transporter of
    (1 Na+, 2 Cl-, 1 K1+)
  • Slight BACK Leak of K+ into Lumen
38
Q

What does the slight back leak of K+ into the lumen of the thick ascending limb do to the lumen?

A
  • Creates a POSITIVE charge of 8+ mV

- Forces Mg++ and Ca++ to diffuse through tubular lumen through PARA- cellular space of the IF

39
Q

The first portions of the Distal Tubule form what?

A

The Macula Densa

40
Q

Distal Tubule

A
  • Impermeable to WATER
  • Impermeable to UREA
  • Highly Convoluted
  • Similar to the THICK ascending limb
    (They are attached to each other)
41
Q

Where are Principal Cells Located?

A
  • Located at the LATE Distal Tubule/ Cortical Collecting tube
42
Q

Role of Principle cells?

A
  • Reabsorbs Na+ and Water
  • Secreted K+ into Lumen
  • Uses Na/K pump
  • Primary site of K+ diuretics
43
Q

Intercalated cells in the Late Distal Tubule/ Cortical Collecting tube

A
  • Reabsorbs K+ from the Lumen
  • Reabsorbs Bicarbonate
  • Secretes H+ into tubular lumen
44
Q

The histology of the Medullary Collecting Duct

A
  • Epithelial cells are cuboidal
  • Smooth surface
  • Few Mitochondria
45
Q

Medullary Collecting Duct

A
  • Permeable to Water
    (Controlled by ADH)
  • Permeable to UREA
    (Via transporters)
  • Capable of secreting H+ against a LARGE [ ] gradeint
46
Q

Aldosterone

  • Source
  • Fxn
  • Site of action
A
  • Adrenal cortex
  • Increase SODIUM reabsorption & Increase POTASSIUM secretion.
  • On the Principal cells in the Cortical collecting duct
47
Q

Addison’s Disease

A
  • Absence of Aldosterone

- Marked loss of Na+ and accumulation of K+

48
Q

Conn’s Syndrome

A

Hypersecretion of Aldosterone

49
Q

Angiotensin II

  • Fxn
A
  • Increase Na+ and Water reabsorption

- Returns BLOOD PRESSURE and EC volume toward normal

50
Q

Angiotensin II

  • Effects
A
  1. Stimulates ALDOSTERONE secretion
  2. Constricts EFFERENT arterioles
  3. Directly stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the
    - PROXIMAL tubule
    - Loops of Henle
    - Distal Tubule
    - Collecting ducts
51
Q

ADH

  • Source
  • Fxn
  • Effects
A
  • Aka Vasopressin
  • Secreted from POSTERIOR pituitary
  • Increase Water reabsorption
  • Increase the formation of cAMP
    (Makes the Tubule LEAKY)
52
Q

ANP

A
  • Found in Cardiac atrial cells
  • Responds to DISTENSION
  • Inhibits the REABSORPTION of Na+ and water
53
Q

PTH

A
  • Found in the Parathyroid gland

- Increases CALCIUM reabsorption

54
Q

Renal clearance of a substance

A
  • The volume of plasma that is completely cleared of the substance by the kidneys per unit TIME
  • units of mL/min
55
Q

Renal Clearance Equation

A

Cs x Ps = Us x V
- Cs = (Us x V)/(Ps)

Cs - Clearance rate of substance “s”

Ps - [Plasma] of substance “s”

Us - [Urine] of substance “s”

V - Urine volume

56
Q

GFR equation

A

GFR x Ps = Us x V
- GFR = (Us x V)/(Ps)

Ps - [Plasma] of substance “s”

Us - [Urine] of substance “s”

V - Urine volume

SIMILAR to RENAL CLEARANCE

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