Body Fluids & Compartments Flashcards
How many Liters are in the Plasma?
3L
How many Liters are in the Interstitial fluid?
11L
How many Liters are in the Intracellular fluid?
28L
Output of Fluid locations
- Kidneys (urine)
- Lungs (expiration)
- Feces
- Sweat
- Skin
OsmolaRity
Concentration of particles per LITER of solution.
OsmolaLity
Concentration of particles per KG of solvent
What cations are found more in the EXTRA-cellular environment?
Sodium (Na+)
What cations are found more in the INTRA-cellular environment?
Potassium (K+)
&
Magnesium (Mg++)
What anions are found more in the EXTRA-cellular environment?
Chlorine (Cl-)
&
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
What anions are found more in the INTRA-cellular environment?
Phosphate (PO4)
&
Protein
Total Daily INTAKE of Fluids
Vs
Total Daily LOSS of Fluids
Both are 2300ml/day
What you take in is what you release out.
Indicator Dilution principle
Applies to the measurement of fluid volumes in body fluid compartments
Indicator Dilution Principle Equation
(Vol B)(Conc. B) = (Vol A)(Conc. A)
Vol B = (Vol A * Conc. A)/(Conc. B)
4 Requirements for an indication for the Indicator Dilution principle
- Disperses evenly
- Not Leaking to other compartments
- Not Metabolized or excreted
- Not Toxic
The concentration of bodily fluids are typically expressed in _____?
Miliosmole
mOsm
For each mOsm conc. Gradient of an impermeant solute, _____ osmotic pressure is exerted across the cell.
19.3mm Hg
______ percentage of total Osm of the interstitial fluid and Plasma are due to _____ and ______.
80%
Sodium and Chloride Ions
For IC fluid, ____ of the osmolarity is due to ______?
Half
Potassium
Tonicity is related to the _____ of the cell.
Volume
Addition of an Isotonic solution to fluid compartment. What happens to the Osm and the Volume?
EC Osm does NOT change
EC Volume INCREASES
Addition oHypertonic solution to fluid compartment. What happens to the Osm and the Volume?
Osm in BOTH compartments Increases
IC Volume decreases
EC Volume increases
( Water will diffuse out of the cell)
Addition of an Hypotonic solution to fluid compartment. What happens to the Osm and the Volume?
Osm in BOTH compartments Decreases
Volume in both compartments Increases
(Water will diffuse into the cell)
Hyponatremia
Causes and Consequences
Low Sodium in the Blood
Caused by kidney failure or heart failure
Results in low urine output
Hypermatremia
Causes and Consequences
High concentrations of sodium in the blood
Caused by Severe sweating or diarrhea
Consequences are extreme thirst, dehydration and fatigue
Acute Hyponaturemia on the brain
Loss of sodium or excess water cause the brain to SWELL
Can lead to seizures, coma, permanent brain damage, or death
Chronic Hyponaturemia on the Brain
Chronic loss of plasma sodium or excess water allows tissues to TRANSPORT Na+, Cl-, K+ and other solutes to the EC spaces
Swelling is much less
Aided by the KIDNEYS
Anatomical organization of the Kidneys
Capsule —> Renal Cortex —> Renal Medulla —> Renal Pelvis
Contents of the Renal Cortex
- Bowman’s Capsules
- Proximal Tubules
- Distal Tubules
Contents of the Renal Medulla
Renal Pyramids
Contents of the Renal Pelvis
Major and Minor Calyces
How many nephrons are in a kidney?
800K - 1 million
____ nephrons decrease every year after the age of _____?
10%
40
Each large collecting duct receives from _____ nephrons?
4000
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Have glomeruli deep in the Renal Cortex near the Medulla and have LONG loops of Henle
20-30% of total nephrons
Long peritubular capillaries associated with the VASA Recta
Macula Densa
Knot of capillaries
Kidneys receive what percentage of Cardiac Output
22% or 1100ml/min
What helps to regulate hydrostatic pressure is BOTH sets of capillaries?
EFFERENT arterioles
High Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries cause?
Rapid Fluid filtration
Low Hydrostatic pressure in Peritubular capillaries cause?
Rapid fluid REABSORPTION
Site of gas exchange in the kidneys
Peritubular Capillaries
