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Physiology > Body Fluids & Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluids & Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

How many Liters are in the Plasma?

A

3L

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2
Q

How many Liters are in the Interstitial fluid?

A

11L

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3
Q

How many Liters are in the Intracellular fluid?

A

28L

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4
Q

Output of Fluid locations

A
  1. Kidneys (urine)
  2. Lungs (expiration)
  3. Feces
  4. Sweat
  5. Skin
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5
Q

OsmolaRity

A

Concentration of particles per LITER of solution.

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6
Q

OsmolaLity

A

Concentration of particles per KG of solvent

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7
Q

What cations are found more in the EXTRA-cellular environment?

A

Sodium (Na+)

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8
Q

What cations are found more in the INTRA-cellular environment?

A

Potassium (K+)

&

Magnesium (Mg++)

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9
Q

What anions are found more in the EXTRA-cellular environment?

A

Chlorine (Cl-)

&

Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

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10
Q

What anions are found more in the INTRA-cellular environment?

A

Phosphate (PO4)

&

Protein

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11
Q

Total Daily INTAKE of Fluids

Vs

Total Daily LOSS of Fluids

A

Both are 2300ml/day

What you take in is what you release out.

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12
Q

Indicator Dilution principle

A

Applies to the measurement of fluid volumes in body fluid compartments

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13
Q

Indicator Dilution Principle Equation

A

(Vol B)(Conc. B) = (Vol A)(Conc. A)

Vol B = (Vol A * Conc. A)/(Conc. B)

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14
Q

4 Requirements for an indication for the Indicator Dilution principle

A
  1. Disperses evenly
  2. Not Leaking to other compartments
  3. Not Metabolized or excreted
  4. Not Toxic
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15
Q

The concentration of bodily fluids are typically expressed in _____?

A

Miliosmole

mOsm

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16
Q

For each mOsm conc. Gradient of an impermeant solute, _____ osmotic pressure is exerted across the cell.

A

19.3mm Hg

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17
Q

______ percentage of total Osm of the interstitial fluid and Plasma are due to _____ and ______.

A

80%

Sodium and Chloride Ions

18
Q

For IC fluid, ____ of the osmolarity is due to ______?

A

Half

Potassium

19
Q

Tonicity is related to the _____ of the cell.

A

Volume

20
Q

Addition of an Isotonic solution to fluid compartment. What happens to the Osm and the Volume?

A

EC Osm does NOT change

EC Volume INCREASES

21
Q

Addition oHypertonic solution to fluid compartment. What happens to the Osm and the Volume?

A

Osm in BOTH compartments Increases

IC Volume decreases

EC Volume increases

( Water will diffuse out of the cell)

22
Q

Addition of an Hypotonic solution to fluid compartment. What happens to the Osm and the Volume?

A

Osm in BOTH compartments Decreases

Volume in both compartments Increases

(Water will diffuse into the cell)

23
Q

Hyponatremia

Causes and Consequences

A

Low Sodium in the Blood

Caused by kidney failure or heart failure

Results in low urine output

24
Q

Hypermatremia

Causes and Consequences

A

High concentrations of sodium in the blood

Caused by Severe sweating or diarrhea

Consequences are extreme thirst, dehydration and fatigue

25
Q

Acute Hyponaturemia on the brain

A

Loss of sodium or excess water cause the brain to SWELL

Can lead to seizures, coma, permanent brain damage, or death

26
Q

Chronic Hyponaturemia on the Brain

A

Chronic loss of plasma sodium or excess water allows tissues to TRANSPORT Na+, Cl-, K+ and other solutes to the EC spaces

Swelling is much less

Aided by the KIDNEYS

27
Q

Anatomical organization of the Kidneys

A

Capsule —> Renal Cortex —> Renal Medulla —> Renal Pelvis

28
Q

Contents of the Renal Cortex

A
  1. Bowman’s Capsules
  2. Proximal Tubules
  3. Distal Tubules
29
Q

Contents of the Renal Medulla

A

Renal Pyramids

30
Q

Contents of the Renal Pelvis

A

Major and Minor Calyces

31
Q

How many nephrons are in a kidney?

A

800K - 1 million

32
Q

____ nephrons decrease every year after the age of _____?

A

10%

40

33
Q

Each large collecting duct receives from _____ nephrons?

A

4000

34
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Have glomeruli deep in the Renal Cortex near the Medulla and have LONG loops of Henle

20-30% of total nephrons

Long peritubular capillaries associated with the VASA Recta

35
Q

Macula Densa

A

Knot of capillaries

36
Q

Kidneys receive what percentage of Cardiac Output

A

22% or 1100ml/min

37
Q

What helps to regulate hydrostatic pressure is BOTH sets of capillaries?

A

EFFERENT arterioles

38
Q

High Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries cause?

A

Rapid Fluid filtration

39
Q

Low Hydrostatic pressure in Peritubular capillaries cause?

A

Rapid fluid REABSORPTION

40
Q

Site of gas exchange in the kidneys

A

Peritubular Capillaries

Physiology (15 decks)

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