Tuberculosis (Resp Infection) Flashcards
What causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Where is the lungs does tuberculosis principally affect?
The upper lobes
What type of granuloma forms in tuberculosis?
Caseating
What is meant by the term Gohn Focus?
The lesion at the primary site of a tuberculosis infection in the lungs
What is meant by the term primary TB?
Where a patient infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes symptomatic
What is meant by the term latent TB?
Where bacteria become dormant within granulomas in a patient infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis
Can TB resolve on its own?
Yes, infection spontaneously resolves in 50% of cases
What are the risk factors for reactivation of latent TB?
Diabetes, homelessness, IVDU and Immunosuppression
What is meant by the term miliary TB?
When TB becomes disseminated following passage into the blood stream
What is meant by the term Assman Focus?
A secondary pulmonary TB lesion caused by spread to the lungs from initial site of infection
Where is TB most commonly found?
India, SE Asia and Africa
What is the general signs of TB?
Malaise, fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, night sweats
What is the respiratory signs of TB?
Productive cough, heamoptysis, SOB, +/- chest pain and hoarseness
What is the dermatological signs of TB?
Erythema nodosum
What is the skeletal signs of TB?
Bone pain, vertebral collapse
What is the neurological signs of TB?
Meningitis
What investigations would be used to confirm a diagnosis of TB?
CXR, Sputum sample and Tuberculin skin test
What CXR results would be indicative of primary TB?
- Consolidation
- Cavitating upper lobe lesions
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
What CXR results would be indicative of latent TB
Fibrosis, calcified lesions
What sputum sample results would be indicative of TB?
PCR positive and Zeihl Neelson (acid fast bacilli) positive
What does the tuberculin skin test involve?
Mantoux test and tes for TB exposure and BCG injection
What antibiotics are used to treat TB?
Rifampacin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide & Ehanbutol
What is the main side effect of Rifampacin?
Enzyme induction turns all body fluids orange
What is the main side effect of Isoniazid?
Neuropathy
What is the main side effect of Pyrazinamide?
Hepatitis and Arthralgia
What is the main side effect of Ehanbutol?
Optic neuritis
What is the general management plan for TB?
All four antibiotics for 2 months then Rifampacin / Isoniazide for a further 4 months
What type of drugs are associated with the reactivation of TB?
Anti TNF
