Cardio Anatomy Flashcards
Where is the vagus nerve located in relation to the phrenic nerve?
Medial
What are the valves in the heart?
Tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and aortic valve
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the pulmonary valve located?
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the mitral valve located?
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the aortic valve located?
Between the left ventricle and aorta
Where is the tricuspid valve in relation to the coronary grove?
Deep
What is the right coronary artery found?
In the coronary groove
What does the anterior interventricular groove mark?
The boundary between the two ventricles
What does the anterior interventricular groove contain?
The left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery
Where does the posterior interventricular artery sit?
In the posterior interventricular groove
What are the two main branches of the right coronary artery?
The right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery
Where is the left coronary artery found?
In the left atrioventricular groove
What are the four branches of the left coronary artery?
Circumflex, left anterior descending, left marginal and lateral/diagonal branch
What are the three openings in the right atrium?
Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and coronary sinus
What is the fossa ovalis?
A depression in the right atrium, a remnant of the foramen ovale
What is the crista terminalis?
The boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium
Where is the sinoatrial node found?
Just below the opening for the superior vena cava
How are cusps of heart valves connected to the heart?
Via tendinous cords called Chordae Tendinae, which are anchored to papillary muscles
Where do you auscultate the aortic area?
Right of the sternum at the 2nd Intercostal space
Where do you auscultate the pulmonic area?
Left of the sternum at the 2nd Intercostal space
Where do you auscultate the tricuspid area?
Left of the sternum at the 4th Intercostal space
Where do you auscultate the mitral area?
Left of the sternum at the 5th Intercostal space, midclavicular line
Where do you auscultate for erb’s point?
Left of the sternum at the 3rd Intercostal space
What is the clinical significance of erb’s point?
It is the auscultatory area in which heart murmurs can be heart best
What is the transverse thoracic plane?
The ‘line’ between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc
What is the purpose of the transverse thoracic plane?
It differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum
Where does the vagus nerve pass through?
The diaphragm via the oesophagus
Where does the azygous vein drain?
Into the superior vena cava
What are the main branches of the ascending aorta?
The left and right coronary arteries
What are the main branches from the arch of the aorta?
From left to right, the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
What are the main branches of the descending aorta?
Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries
From left to right, what are the branches of the aorta?
Ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta
What is the venous angle?
The junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins
What are the two main groups of mediastinal lymph nodes?
The anterior and posterior nodes
Where is the left venous angle located?
At the left sternoclavicular joint
Where does the vagus nerve sit in relation to the lung root?
Posteriorly
Where does the phrenic nerve sit in relation to the lug root?
Anteriorly
Where is the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve found?
Hooked under the ligament arteriosum
From lateral to medial, what are the nerves of the superior mediastinum?
Phrenic, Vagus and Recurrent Laryngeal
Where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve found?
Hooked under the right subclavian artery, and so doesn’t enter the chest
Where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve found?
Hooked under the arch of the aorta, and so doesn’t enter the chest
Where is lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drained?
Into the right lymphatic duct
From anterior to posterior, what are the main structures found in the posterior mediastinum?
Brachiocephalic veins & superior vena cava -> Arch of aorta -> Trachea -> Oesophagus -> Thoracic duct
