Resp Anatomy Flashcards
Where do you auscultate anteriorly for the apex of the lung?
Above the clavicle
Where do you auscultate anteriorly for the right and left upper lobes of the lung?
2nd Intercostal space
Where do you auscultate anteriorly for the right middle lobe and left upper lobe of the lung?
4th Intercostal space
Where do you auscultate anteriorly for the right and left lower lobes of the lung?
Midaxillary at 6th Intercostal space
Where do you auscultate posteriorly for the apex of the lung?
Above the scapulae
Where do you auscultate posteriorly for the right and left upper lobes of the lung?
C7 to T3
Where do you auscultate posteriorly for the right and left lower lobes of the lung?
T3 to T10
Where do you auscultate for lung bases?
Scapular line at T11 level
Where is Tracheal breath sounds heard?
Over the trachea (just above the subclavicular notch)
Where is Bronchial breath sounds heard?
Over the manubrium (just above th clavicle)
Where is Bronchovesticular breath sounds heard?
1st and 2nd Intercostal spaces next to the sternum and between the scapula
Where is Vesicular breath sounds heard?
Over most of the lung fields
What is the inspiratory:expiratory ratio during Tracheal breath sounds?
Equal
What is the inspiratory:expiratory ratio during Bronchial breath sounds?
Inspiratory is shorter than expiratory
What is the inspiratory:expiratory ratio during Bronchovesticular breath sounds?
Equal
What is the inspiratory:expiratory ratio during Vesicular breath sounds?
Inspiratory is longer than expiratory
What is the intensity and pitch of Tracheal breath sounds?
Very loud, high pitch
What is the intensity and pitch of Bronchial breath sounds?
Loud, relatively high pitch
What is the intensity and pitch of Bronchovesticular breath sounds?
Medium loudness, intermediate pitch
What is the intensity and pitch of Vesicular breath sounds?
Soft, relatively low pitch
Where is the horizontal fissure of the right lung?
At the level of rib 4
Where is the oblique fissures of the left and right lungs?
At the level of rib 6 anteriorly, rising to the level of T3 posteriorly
When does the larynx become the trachea?
At C6 level
Where is the sternal angle found?
At the level of the 2nd costal cartilage on either side, and the level between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebra
What is the anatomical importance of the sternal angle?
It is used as a landmark for the following anatomical features:
- Beginning and the end of the arch of the aorta
- Branching of the pulmonary trunk.
- Bifurcation of the trachea.
What is the clinical importance of the sternal angle?
Is used to identify the 2nd rib and the remaining ribs.
Where is the xiphoid process found?
It is the most distal part of the sternum, situated at T9 level
Where do the anterior intercostal arteries originate?
The internal thoracic artery
Where do the posterior intercostal arteries originate?
The aorta
Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain?
Into the internal thoracic veins
Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain?
Into the azygous vein
From superior to inferior, what are intercostal neurovascular bundles comprised of?
Vein, artery & nerve (VAN)
Where is the Caval opening of the diaphragm located?
At T8 level
What is the purpose of the Caval opening?
Allows the inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve branches to pass through
Where is the Esophageal opening of the diaphragm located?
At T10 level
What is the purpose of the Esophageal opening?
Transmits the esophagus, vagus nerves, and the small esophageal arteries
Where is the aortic opening of the diaphragm located?
At T12 level
What is the purpose of the aortic opening?
Allows the aorta, thoracic duct, and the azygos vein to pass through
What is meant by the phrase ‘I ate 10 eggs at 12’?
I 8= inferior vena cava pierce at T8, 10 Eggs= Esophagus pierces at T10 , At 12 = Aorta
pierces at T12
What type of muscle is the diaphragm?
Skeletal
What innervates the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve
What is the phrenic nerve comprised of?
The anterior rami of C3, C4 and C5
What type of neurons are the anterior rami?
Motor
What type of neurons are the posterior rami?
Sensory
What does the long thoracic nerve supply?
The serratus anterior muscle
What does paralysis of the long thoracic nerve result in?
Winged scapula
What makes up the group of blood vessels either side of the sternum?
The internal thoracic artery and a pair of veins
What is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity?
The costodiaphragmatic recess
What is the most inferior part of the costodiaphragmatic recess?
The costophrenic angle
What is meant by the term ‘blunting of angles’?
Fluid build up in the costophrenic angle
What does the term ‘blunting of angles’ indicate?
Pleural effusion
What is the ‘tongue’ of the superior lobe of the left lung is called?
The Lingula
Where is the cephalic vein located?
The delto-pectoral groove
Where does the trachea bifurcate?
At the level of the sternal angle
