tuberculosis

Question 1

TB type of organism

Answer 1

• bacteria

- mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli

Question 2

TB mode of transmission

Answer 2

• airborne
• indirect
• cough or sneeze can release millions of microbes into the air which remain in the air for long periods of time
• not spread by surfaces
• droplets are inhaled through breathing entering the lungs and travel to the alveoli, the bacteria multiply inside the alveoli and may enter the blood stream

Question 3

TB impact on host / symptoms

Answer 3

• chronic coughing
• bloody sputum
• fever
• chest pain
• weight loss
• death
• fatigue
• night sweats
• loss of appetite

Question 4

TB diagnostic test

Answer 4

sputum test - stuff that comes up when you cough
- samples tested
- test for drug resistant strains
- 4-8 weeks
skin test - tuberculin injected under skin
- 48-72 check for swelling
- hard raised bump means you have TB
blood test - active or latent TB
- only 1 dr visit
chest X-ray - show white sports on lungs means you have TB

Question 5

TB treatment

Answer 5

• antibiotics
• BCG vacine
• facemarks
• reduce crowding
• ventilate rooms
• cover mouth when coughing or sneezing

Question 6

TB distribution

Answer 6

• world wide

- mainly third world countries (central africa, south east asia

Question 7

TB life cycle

Answer 7

1. droplets containing tubercle bacilli are inhaled and enter the lungs and travel to the alveoli
2. tubercle bacili multiply in the alveoli, the bacteria can travel to the blood stream to other parts of the body
3. within 2-8 weeks macrophages ingest and surround the tubercle bacilli. the cells form barrier shell called granuloma that keeps the bacilli contained and under control
4. if the immune system cannot keep the tubercle bacilli under control the bacilli being to multiply rapidly